BIOS251 EXAM 2 FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+

BIOS251 EXAM 2 FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+

◉ Passive Transport. Answer: Does not use ATP as an energy source,
occurs from high to low concentration (downhill).


◉ Simple Diffusion. Answer: Moves along concentration gradient,
from higher to lower concentration.


◉ Facilitated Diffusion. Answer: The use of a protein channel to
passively move the chemicals across the membrane.


◉ Osmosis. Answer: Movement of water across semipermeable
membrane from low solute concentration to high solute
concentration.


◉ Hypertonicity. Answer: Solutions have high ECF osmolarity, water
moves out of cell, cell shrinks.


◉ Isotonicity. Answer: Solutions have same osmolarity, no net
movement of water in or out of cell.

, ◉ Hypotonicity. Answer: Solutions have low ECF osmolarity, water
moves into the cell causing swelling and potential bursting.


◉ Active Transport. Answer: Utilizes energy to move substance
against concentration gradient, lower to higher concentration.


◉ Bulk Transport. Answer: Uses vesicles to transport large
molecules.


◉ Endocytosis. Answer: Transports material into the cell (think
Entering).


◉ Phagocytosis. Answer: Brings in solids 'cell eating'.


◉ Pinocytosis. Answer: Brings in liquids 'cell drinking'.


◉ Exocytosis. Answer: Transports material out of the cell (think
Exiting).


◉ Intracellular fluid. Answer: Also known as cytosol, more gel-like
than ECF.


◉ Extracellular fluid. Answer: Sometimes called 'tissue fluid',
includes plasma.