Ch-12
Give a detail information about mineral oil.
Mineral oil or petroleum is found in the strata of stratified rocks which contain limestone, shale, etc. Mineral
oil was formed when large quantities of animals and vegetation got buried under the earth containing sedimentary
rocks and remained there for thousands of years.
• The heat and pressure of the interior portion of the earth converted the buried matter into viscous liquid
containing hydrocarbons ex. mineral oil.
• When tectonic movement took place in the earth, it pushed this liquid to the higher strata of earth. Some part
of liquid also got pushed towards the seafloor.
State the remedies to preserve the minerals.
Remedies for preserving minerals:
1. Use of proper technology: Wastage of minerals can be reduced by making use of proper and
advanced technology for extracting minerals.
2. Recycling: The scrap of minerals like iron, copper, aluminum and tin should be recycled and reused.
3. Alternate use of minerals: Alternatives should be found out for minerals which exist in less quantity.
For example, making use of solar energy instead of electricity, aluminum instead of copper, CNG
instead of petro, etc.
4. Use of Non-conventional means: The use of non-conventional sources like water, solar, wind,
biogas, etc. should be increased.
5. Sustainability: Attempts should be made to maintain the purity of the environment so that the
coming generations can have a clean environment. Attempts should be made for pollution-free
environment.
6. Proper planning: Once the mineral reserves are properly estimated, planning should be done for
utilizing them effectively and efficiently. This step is very important to preserve and enhance the
minerals.
Write about electricity in brief.
Electricity was invented during the industrial revolution. Electricity is used for industrial purpose and that for
domestic purposes. At industrial level, it is used to run the industries, machines, transportation, etc. At domestic
level it is used for running various household gadgets like fans, televisions, radios, washing machines, refrigerators,
tube lights, etc.
There are mainly three forms of electricity. They are:
1. Thermal electricity,
2. Hydroelectricity and
3. Nuclear electricity.
• Coal, mineral oil, natural gas, etc are conventional sources of producing electricity.
• Electricity produced through flowing water or rivers and dams is an example of hydroelectricity.
• electricity produced through atomic minerals is an example of nuclear electricity.
Minerals are scarce in comparison to their usage. Hence, it is extremely important to switch to non-conventional
sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy to produce power.
State the remedies to preserve the minerals.
Remedies for preserving minerals:
1. Use of proper technology: Wastage of minerals can be reduced by making use of proper and
advanced technology for extracting minerals.
Give a detail information about mineral oil.
Mineral oil or petroleum is found in the strata of stratified rocks which contain limestone, shale, etc. Mineral
oil was formed when large quantities of animals and vegetation got buried under the earth containing sedimentary
rocks and remained there for thousands of years.
• The heat and pressure of the interior portion of the earth converted the buried matter into viscous liquid
containing hydrocarbons ex. mineral oil.
• When tectonic movement took place in the earth, it pushed this liquid to the higher strata of earth. Some part
of liquid also got pushed towards the seafloor.
State the remedies to preserve the minerals.
Remedies for preserving minerals:
1. Use of proper technology: Wastage of minerals can be reduced by making use of proper and
advanced technology for extracting minerals.
2. Recycling: The scrap of minerals like iron, copper, aluminum and tin should be recycled and reused.
3. Alternate use of minerals: Alternatives should be found out for minerals which exist in less quantity.
For example, making use of solar energy instead of electricity, aluminum instead of copper, CNG
instead of petro, etc.
4. Use of Non-conventional means: The use of non-conventional sources like water, solar, wind,
biogas, etc. should be increased.
5. Sustainability: Attempts should be made to maintain the purity of the environment so that the
coming generations can have a clean environment. Attempts should be made for pollution-free
environment.
6. Proper planning: Once the mineral reserves are properly estimated, planning should be done for
utilizing them effectively and efficiently. This step is very important to preserve and enhance the
minerals.
Write about electricity in brief.
Electricity was invented during the industrial revolution. Electricity is used for industrial purpose and that for
domestic purposes. At industrial level, it is used to run the industries, machines, transportation, etc. At domestic
level it is used for running various household gadgets like fans, televisions, radios, washing machines, refrigerators,
tube lights, etc.
There are mainly three forms of electricity. They are:
1. Thermal electricity,
2. Hydroelectricity and
3. Nuclear electricity.
• Coal, mineral oil, natural gas, etc are conventional sources of producing electricity.
• Electricity produced through flowing water or rivers and dams is an example of hydroelectricity.
• electricity produced through atomic minerals is an example of nuclear electricity.
Minerals are scarce in comparison to their usage. Hence, it is extremely important to switch to non-conventional
sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy to produce power.
State the remedies to preserve the minerals.
Remedies for preserving minerals:
1. Use of proper technology: Wastage of minerals can be reduced by making use of proper and
advanced technology for extracting minerals.
