CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● Wakefullness system.
Answer: consists of a central core in the brainstem with neurons that
radiate to the cortex
●● Vomiting Center.
Answer: the center in the brainstem that induces vomiting
●● Vital Centers.
Answer: centers in the brainstem that control such physiologic processes
as blood pressure and pulse, depth and rate of respiration
●● Vestibular nerve.
Answer: part of the eighth cranial nerve that is connect with equilibrium
and hearing
●● Venule.
Answer: any of the small vessels that collect blood from networks of
capillaries and join them to form veins
,●● Ventricular tachycardia.
Answer: a cardia dsrhythmia in which there is rapid firing of an ectopic
focus in the ventricles and a wide QRS complex with no p waves
●● Ventricular rhythms.
Answer: a cardia dsrhythmia in which the pacemaker is in the ventricles
rather than in the SA node or atria
●● Ventricular focus.
Answer: a displace point of origin for a dysrhythmia that is in the
ventricles
●● Ventricular fibrillation.
Answer: arrhythmia characterized by contractions of ventricle muscle
fibers due to rapid excitation of myocardial fibers without coordinated
contraction of the ventricle
●● Sensory nerve.
Answer: a nerve of the peripheral nervous system that conducts impulses
from a sense organ to the spinal cord or brain
●● Sinoatrial node.
Answer: a microscopic collection of heart muscle fibers where cardiac
rhythm originates; also called the pacemaker of the heart
,●● sinus arrhythmia.
Answer: a cardiac dysrhythmia similar to normal sinus rhythm, but
withslight variation in rate with inspiration and expiration
●● sinus bradycardia.
Answer: cardiac dysrhythmia similar to normal sinus rhythm except for
a slower rate of less than 60 bpm
●● sinus rhythms.
Answer: cardiac rhythms in which the pacemaker is the sinoatrial node
●● sinus tachycardia.
Answer: dysrhythmia similar to normal sinus rhythm except for an
increase in rate of greater than 100 bpm but less than 150 bpm
●● stroke volume.
Answer: the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle during each beat
of the heart
●● subcutaneous.
Answer: beneath the skin
, ●● superior vena cava.
Answer: the venous trunk that drains blood from the head, neck, upper
extremities, and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart
●● supraventricular foci.
Answer: central points of origin of dsrhythmias, which are located above
the level of the ventricles in the atria
●● sympathommimetic.
Answer: having activity that mimics the effects of the sympathetic
nervous system, epinephrine
●● synapse.
Answer: the junction between two neurons where impulses are
transmitted from one neuron to another
●● synaptic cleft.
Answer: the gap between two nerves where they meet at a synapse
●● syncope.
Answer: fainting
●● synergistic.