Microimm 2500: Virology
Exam Study Guide – Practice
Questions with Verified
Answers. GRADED A+. Latest
2026/2027 Update
Measles - Answer✔✔-virus that is transmitted in aerosols through
coughs/sneezes
- mostly eradicated in Canada due to vaccination
- still present in SA and Africa
Endogenous Viral Sequences - Answer✔✔-viral genetic sequences from
infections that occurred that integrate into our own genetic material
- no longer infectious
Intrinsic Defenses - Answer✔✔-physical barriers like skin/sweat that keep
viruses from entering our body
Polydnavirus - Answer✔✔-gene from a virus in wasps that allows eggs to
survive in caterpillar larvae by suppressing the caterpillar's innate immune
response.
,Curvularia Thermal Tolerance Virus (CThTV) - Answer✔✔-virus that infects
fungus to allow them to grow at temperatures over 50 C
- helps infected plants grow at high temps
Tulip Breaking Virus (TBV) - Answer✔✔-potyvirus that interferes with the
synthesis of flower pigmentation
- created a "broken" pigmented appearance in tulips
4 Requirements for Viral Survival - Answer✔✔-1. package their genome inside
a particle
2. use particle to transfer genome between hosts
3. genome contains information for viral infectious cycle
4. genomes ensure long term viral survival in host.
Obligate molecular parasites - Answer✔✔-molecules that can only function
after they replicate in a host cell
ie viruses
Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Answer✔✔-plant virus that causes plants to be quilted
and yellow
- agent on filtrate could not "grow"on its own
- growth differs from bacteria
Foot and Mouth Virus - Answer✔✔-first virus discovered in animals
, Mimivirus - Answer✔✔-large virus that lives in Amoeba and can be seen under
a light microscope
- cannot be filtered through a typical filter
Viral Infectious Cycle - Answer✔✔-1. virus finds and attaches to receptor on
host cells
2. enters the cells
3. sheds its envelope to expose the genome
4. nucleic acids are then replicated by host machinery
5. assembles new virion by viral proteins
6. virion then finds a new cell to infect
Susceptible Cell - Answer✔✔-cells that have a functional receptor for a virus
Permissive Cell - Answer✔✔-cells that can allow the virus to replicate
Resistant Cell - Answer✔✔-cells that have no receptor for the virus
Cell Cultures - Answer✔✔-contain healthy cells stuck to the flat plastic surface
of flasks with red media filled with nutrients to allow cell growth.
Cytopathic Effects (CPE's) - Answer✔✔-changes that a virus induces inside a
cell
Examples:
cell lysis
syncytia - fusion of membranes = multi nucleated cells
Exam Study Guide – Practice
Questions with Verified
Answers. GRADED A+. Latest
2026/2027 Update
Measles - Answer✔✔-virus that is transmitted in aerosols through
coughs/sneezes
- mostly eradicated in Canada due to vaccination
- still present in SA and Africa
Endogenous Viral Sequences - Answer✔✔-viral genetic sequences from
infections that occurred that integrate into our own genetic material
- no longer infectious
Intrinsic Defenses - Answer✔✔-physical barriers like skin/sweat that keep
viruses from entering our body
Polydnavirus - Answer✔✔-gene from a virus in wasps that allows eggs to
survive in caterpillar larvae by suppressing the caterpillar's innate immune
response.
,Curvularia Thermal Tolerance Virus (CThTV) - Answer✔✔-virus that infects
fungus to allow them to grow at temperatures over 50 C
- helps infected plants grow at high temps
Tulip Breaking Virus (TBV) - Answer✔✔-potyvirus that interferes with the
synthesis of flower pigmentation
- created a "broken" pigmented appearance in tulips
4 Requirements for Viral Survival - Answer✔✔-1. package their genome inside
a particle
2. use particle to transfer genome between hosts
3. genome contains information for viral infectious cycle
4. genomes ensure long term viral survival in host.
Obligate molecular parasites - Answer✔✔-molecules that can only function
after they replicate in a host cell
ie viruses
Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Answer✔✔-plant virus that causes plants to be quilted
and yellow
- agent on filtrate could not "grow"on its own
- growth differs from bacteria
Foot and Mouth Virus - Answer✔✔-first virus discovered in animals
, Mimivirus - Answer✔✔-large virus that lives in Amoeba and can be seen under
a light microscope
- cannot be filtered through a typical filter
Viral Infectious Cycle - Answer✔✔-1. virus finds and attaches to receptor on
host cells
2. enters the cells
3. sheds its envelope to expose the genome
4. nucleic acids are then replicated by host machinery
5. assembles new virion by viral proteins
6. virion then finds a new cell to infect
Susceptible Cell - Answer✔✔-cells that have a functional receptor for a virus
Permissive Cell - Answer✔✔-cells that can allow the virus to replicate
Resistant Cell - Answer✔✔-cells that have no receptor for the virus
Cell Cultures - Answer✔✔-contain healthy cells stuck to the flat plastic surface
of flasks with red media filled with nutrients to allow cell growth.
Cytopathic Effects (CPE's) - Answer✔✔-changes that a virus induces inside a
cell
Examples:
cell lysis
syncytia - fusion of membranes = multi nucleated cells
