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psychophysical parallelism
While some methodological behaviorists accept that there are mental states, they
have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is not a new concept and
was once referred to as .
methodological
behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical positivism or
operationism.
introspection
Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations, images, and
feelings
philosophy
"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that science"
(Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony
,With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive mentalistic
explanations.
bias, evidence, replication
In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a
few guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes reducing
___ by ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to
effects that could have produced changes without the intervention), ___ , and
self-correction.
evidence
Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available, assumptions
should not be made.
science, lawful relations
"___ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is an attempt to
discover order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events (Skinner,
1953, p.6)."
mentalistic, explanatory
In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions to suggest that the dog
was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled
, Conditions That Allowed Him To Show That Particular Stimuli Can "Acquire" The
Ability To Elicit Secretion. His Careful Analysis Of The Scientific Method Allowed
Him To Avoid Both ___ And ___ Fictions
Debilitating
The Evolutionary Explanation For Reflexes Indicates That They Are For The Survival
Of The Organism. However, We Know All Too Well That Sometimes Responses Can
Be Conditioned That Serve No Purpose - Even Add A __ Purpose - To Our Complex
Lives.
Conditioning, Stimulus Control, Novel
Skinner (1953) Informed Us "Although The Process Of __ Greatly Extends The
Scope Of The Eliciting Stimulus, It Does Not Bring All The Behavior Of The
Organism Within Such __ "(P. 56). Conditioning Can Add Numerous Different
Eliciting Stimuli, But It Will Never Fashion A __ Response.
Prediction, Control, Accessible
According To Skinner, Contingencies Of Reinforcement Have An Edge Over
Contingencies Of Survival Because Contingencies Of Reinforcement "Have The
Edge With __ And __ And The Conditions Under Which A Species Acquires
Behavior Are Relatively __ And Can Often Be Manipulated".