BKAT PROFESSIONAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS CERTIFICATION REVIEW GRADED A+

BKAT PROFESSIONAL STUDY GUIDE
2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS CERTIFICATION
REVIEW GRADED A+
◉ Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range Answer:
6-12 mmHg


◉ Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range Answer: 20-30 mmHg


◉ Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range Answer: 5-15 mmHg


◉ Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) Answer: 11-20 mmHg


◉ Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range Answer: 800-1200
mmHg


◉ Preload Answer: volume left in the left ventricle at the end of
diastole


◉ What is preload affected by? Answer: venous return to the heart,
atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance

, ◉ What drugs can affect preload? Answer: Furosemide and
nitroglycerin


◉ Afterload Answer: Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to
pump blood out


◉ What drugs may affect afterload? Answer: Vasoconstricters and
vasodilators


◉ Contractility Answer: the contractile force of the heart, how much
will it take to move the preload out against the afterload


◉ What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line?
Answer: 5-10 min


◉ What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? Answer: Left ventricle


◉ What part of the heart does the CVP affect? Answer: Right ventricle


◉ What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? Answer: Increased
left ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left
ventricular dysfunction or failure