BME 302 FINAL ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Diaphragm. Answer: Musculotendinous septum that separates the
thoracic cavity from the abdomen
◉ First 7 ribs. Answer: Attach to the sternum via costal cartilages
◉ Ribs 8, 9, 10. Answer: Attach to costal cartilage above
◉ Ribs 11 & 12. Answer: "Floating"
Free palpable tips
◉ Costochondral junctions. Answer: Points at which the ribs join at
their cartilages
Not palpable
◉ Suprasternal notch. Answer: U-shaped depression just above the
sternum, between the clavicles
◉ Sternum. Answer: Breast bone
Has three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
,◉ Sternal angle. Answer: "angle of Louis"
Articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum
Continuous with the second rib
Marks the site of tracheal bifurcation into the right and left main
bronchi
Corresponds with upper border of the atria
Lies above the 4th thoracic vertebra on the back
◉ Tracheal Bifurcation. Answer: The division of the trachea into the
right and left main bronchi
◉ Costal angle. Answer: Right and left costal margins form an angle
where they meet at the xiphoid process
Usually 90 degrees or less
Angle increases when rib cage is chronically overinflated
(emphysema)
◉ Vertebra prominens. Answer: Most prominent bony spur
protruding at the base of the neck
Spinous process of C7
,◉ Spinous processes. Answer: Stack together to form the spinal
column
Align with same numbered ribs only down to T4
After T4 = angle downward from vertebral body and overlie the
vertebral body and rib below
◉ Scapulae. Answer: Located symmetrically in each hemithorax
Lower tip is usually at 7th or 8th rib
◉ 12th rib. Answer: Free tip is palpated midway between the spine
and person's side
◉ Midclavicular line. Answer: Bisects the center of each clavicle at a
point halfway between the palpated sternoclavicular and
acromioclavicular joints
Anterior chest
◉ Vertebral line. Answer: Midspinal line
Posterior chest wall
◉ Scapular line. Answer: Extends thorough the inferior angle of the
scapula when the arms are at the side of the body
, ◉ Lateral chest. Answer: Lift arm 90 degrees to divide by three lines
-Anterior axillary
-Posterior axillary
-Midaxillary
◉ Anterior axillary line. Answer: Extends down from the anterior
axillary fold where the pectoralis major muscle inserts
◉ Posterior axillary line. Answer: Continues down from the
posterior axillary fold where the latissimus dorsi muscle inserts
◉ Midaxillary line. Answer: Runs down from the apex of the axilla
and lies between and parallel to the other two
◉ Mediastinum. Answer: Middle section of the thoracic cavity
Contains esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels
◉ Pleural cavities. Answer: Right and left - on either side of the
mediastinum
Contain the lungs
◉ Apex of lung. Answer: Highest point of lung tissue
3-4cm above the inner third of the clavicles
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Diaphragm. Answer: Musculotendinous septum that separates the
thoracic cavity from the abdomen
◉ First 7 ribs. Answer: Attach to the sternum via costal cartilages
◉ Ribs 8, 9, 10. Answer: Attach to costal cartilage above
◉ Ribs 11 & 12. Answer: "Floating"
Free palpable tips
◉ Costochondral junctions. Answer: Points at which the ribs join at
their cartilages
Not palpable
◉ Suprasternal notch. Answer: U-shaped depression just above the
sternum, between the clavicles
◉ Sternum. Answer: Breast bone
Has three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
,◉ Sternal angle. Answer: "angle of Louis"
Articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum
Continuous with the second rib
Marks the site of tracheal bifurcation into the right and left main
bronchi
Corresponds with upper border of the atria
Lies above the 4th thoracic vertebra on the back
◉ Tracheal Bifurcation. Answer: The division of the trachea into the
right and left main bronchi
◉ Costal angle. Answer: Right and left costal margins form an angle
where they meet at the xiphoid process
Usually 90 degrees or less
Angle increases when rib cage is chronically overinflated
(emphysema)
◉ Vertebra prominens. Answer: Most prominent bony spur
protruding at the base of the neck
Spinous process of C7
,◉ Spinous processes. Answer: Stack together to form the spinal
column
Align with same numbered ribs only down to T4
After T4 = angle downward from vertebral body and overlie the
vertebral body and rib below
◉ Scapulae. Answer: Located symmetrically in each hemithorax
Lower tip is usually at 7th or 8th rib
◉ 12th rib. Answer: Free tip is palpated midway between the spine
and person's side
◉ Midclavicular line. Answer: Bisects the center of each clavicle at a
point halfway between the palpated sternoclavicular and
acromioclavicular joints
Anterior chest
◉ Vertebral line. Answer: Midspinal line
Posterior chest wall
◉ Scapular line. Answer: Extends thorough the inferior angle of the
scapula when the arms are at the side of the body
, ◉ Lateral chest. Answer: Lift arm 90 degrees to divide by three lines
-Anterior axillary
-Posterior axillary
-Midaxillary
◉ Anterior axillary line. Answer: Extends down from the anterior
axillary fold where the pectoralis major muscle inserts
◉ Posterior axillary line. Answer: Continues down from the
posterior axillary fold where the latissimus dorsi muscle inserts
◉ Midaxillary line. Answer: Runs down from the apex of the axilla
and lies between and parallel to the other two
◉ Mediastinum. Answer: Middle section of the thoracic cavity
Contains esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels
◉ Pleural cavities. Answer: Right and left - on either side of the
mediastinum
Contain the lungs
◉ Apex of lung. Answer: Highest point of lung tissue
3-4cm above the inner third of the clavicles
