Questions and Answers
Updated 2026
IfBinterestBRatesBfallBtheBissuerBwillBmostBlikelyBcallBwhichBbondsBfirst?B-
BAnswerHighBDividendBRateBpreferredBissuesBtradingBatBaBpremium
WhatBareBsomeBactionsBbyBaBcorporationBwillBaffectBanBindividualsBcommonBsharehold
er'sBequityB-BAnswerConversionBofBconvertibleBpreferredBstocksBorBbond
RepurchaseBofBcommonBsharesB
IssuanceBofBadditionalBcommonBsharesB
(StockBsplitsBdoBnotBeffectBshareholdersBequityBbutBitBmustBbeBvotedBonBbecauseBitBe
ffectsBParBValue)
BenefitsBtoBaBConvertibleBstockBcomparedBtoBaBregularBdebentureB-
BAnswerConvertibleBstockBwillBhaveBaBslightlyBlowerByieldBthanBnon-
convertibleBhoweverBitBwillBraiseBinBvalueBasBtheBmarketBpriceBofBcommonBstockBrises
WhatBtraitsBdoBpreferredBstockBandBbondsBhaveBinBcommon?BHowBareBtheyBdifferent?
B-
BAnswerCanBbeBcallableBbyBissuer,BbothBhaveBperiodicBpayments.BBothBareBseniorBsec
uritiesBtoBcommonBstock.B
NeitherBhaveBvotingBrights
PreferredBisBpaidBdividendsBonBaBpercentageBofBfaceBvalueBmuchBlikeBtheByieldBofBaB
bond.B
PreferredBstockBhasBnoBmaturityBdateBandBcanBbeBheldBperpetuallyBwhileBbondsBhave
BaBsetBmaturityBdate.B
PaymentsBtoBpreferredBstockBareBnotBmandatoryBunlessBaBdeclaredBdividendBhasBbeen
BissuedBtoBcommonBstockB
,PaymentsBtoBbondBholdersBareBmandatory
WhenBareBcommonBdividendsBdeclaredBandBpaid?B-BAnswerQuarterlyBforBboth
ABcustomerBownsB256BsharesBofBABCBcommonBstock.BABCBdeclaresBaBrightsBoffering,B
withBtheBtermsBbeingBthatBforBeveryB15BrightsBaBshareholderBmayBpurchaseBoneBaddit
ionalBshare.atB$24BaBshare.BAnyBfractionalBrightsBmayBbeBroundedBupBtoBbuyBanBaddi
tionalBshare.B
HowBmanyBsharesBmayBtheBcustomerBbuyBwithBtheseBright?B-
BAnswerABshareBholderBcanBbuyBaBmaximumBofB18BsharesBwithBtheseBrightsBpayingB$
432BforBthem.B
TheB17.06BsharesBmayBbeBroundedBupBtoB18.
XXYZBADRB(AmericanBDepositoryBReceipt)BrepresentsB10%BofBtheBvalueBofBanBXXYZBor
dinaryBshare.BTheBordinaryBsharesBtradeBonBtheBLondonBStockBExchange,BwhereBtheBc
urrentBpriceBisB400BBritishBPoundsB(BP).BTheBcurrentBexchangeBrateBforBtheBBritishBPo
undBagainstBtheBUSBDollarBisB$1.40.BTheBordinaryBshareBpaysBanBannualizedBdividendB
ofB12BBP.BTheBXXYZBADRBisBlistedBonBtheBNYSE.BIfBaBcustomerBplacesBanBorderBtoBbu
yB$560,000BofBtheBADRBonBtheBcustomerBwillBbuyBhowBmanyBsharesBofBtheBADR?B-
BAnswer10,000BSharesBwithB$560.,000B
ExplanationB
400BBPBxB$1.4B=B560
$560,000B/B560BBP/shareB=B10,000BSharesBofBXXYZ
PreferredBStockBmarketBvaluationBisBbasedBprimarilyBonBwhat?
PerformanceBofBstock?
Inflation?
, InterestBrates?B-
BAnswerInterestBRatesBisBtheBcorrectBanswer,BrememberBthatBpreferredBstockBisBmuch
BlikeBaBbondBinBthatBitBhasBfixedBpaymentsBandBisBconsideredBfixedBincome.B
LongBtermBmarketBinterestBrateBlevelsBdetermineBtheBvaluation.
RightsBare?B-BAnswerExerciserable,BNegotiableB(canBbeBtraded),BGiftable
DividendsBcanBbeBpaidBinBtheBformBof?B-BAnswerCashBorBproductsB
AdditionalBsharesBofBANOTHERBcompanyB(yesBanotherBcompany)B
AdditionalBsharesBofBthatBcompanyB
NOTBOptionsBandBNotBTaxBdeferments
PreferredBStockBis?B-BAnswerPerformanceBbased,Bparticipating,BcumulativeB(dividends)B
ItBisBnotBrefundableBorBredeemable
ABcorporateBbondBwhichBisBbackedBsolelyBbyBfullBfaithBandBcreditBofBtheBissuer..B-
BAnswerDebenture
TradesBofBallBofBtheBfollowingBwillBsettleBinBFedBFundsBExcept?
1)BUSBTreasuryBBonds
2)BTreasuryBBills
3)BPrimeBCommercialBPaper
4)BPrimeBBanker'sBAcceptancesB-
BAnswer3)BPrimeBcommercialBpaperBisBnotBtradedBbyBtheBFederalBReserveBthereforeBd
oesBnotBsettleBinBFedBFunds