, TESTBANK FOR
Childhood and Adolescence 8th Edition Rathus
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
1. Growth and development both refer to the same phenomena.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. According to Watson, libidinal energy and erogenous zones are central to understanding human development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
3. Theories involve assumptions about behaviors and mental processes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. According to Freud, both insufficient and excessive gratification can lead to developmental problems.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. According to Erikson, if the crisis associated with a particular stage of development is not successfully resolved, it
will not be possible to resolve subsequent crises.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
6. According to Erikson, the first stage of psychosocial development is trust versus mistrust.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
7. A conditioned response occurs without prior learning.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. Negative reinforcement involves increasing a desired behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
9. Studying nature involves activities like studying the effects of genes on development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. According to the text, language development rests solely on biology.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
11. Continuous development involves both gains and losses.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. Both Piaget and Freud are stage theorists.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. The first step in the scientific method is testing the hypothesis.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
14. Naturalistic observation involves changing the environment that is being observed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
15. If they have consented to participate, parents and their children are required to continue in a research study until it is
over.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
16. How is a child defined by developmental psychologists?
a. A person undergoing development from infancy to puberty
b. A person undergoing development during the first 3 years of life
c. Any human being as defined by each individual and culture
d. The period of development prior to the development of complex speech
ANSWER: a
17. According to developmental psychologists, what is the difference between a child and an infant?
a. Infancy is defined as the first 2 years of life where complex speech is absent, whereas childhood lasts from
birth until puberty.
b. Infancy lasts through age 4, whereas childhood starts at age 5, when children typically begin their formal
education.
c. Infancy is defined by the inability to perform self-care while childhood is defined by independence in self-care.
d. The definition of infancy is largely biological while the definition of childhood is influenced by culture.
ANSWER: a
18. The Latin roots of the word infant mean
a. “not walking.”
b. “not speaking.”
c. “not eating solid foods.”
d. “a child younger than age 3.”
ANSWER: b
19. Dante is classified as being in “early” childhood. This is based on his
a. ability to communicate with others.
b. age.
c. level of social skill.
d. height and weight.
ANSWER: b
20. Middle childhood is defined by developmental psychologists as the
a. blank slate period.
b. years from ages 6 to 12.
c. years from ages 13 to 16.
d. time of greatest gains in height and weight.
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
21. In Western societies, the beginning of middle childhood is usually marked by
a. a child’s entry into preschool.
b. a child’s entry into first grade.
c. the development of mixed-sex friendship groups.
d. a well-defined sense of self-concept.
ANSWER: b
22. The study of development begins with the study of
a. the origins of the sperm and ova.
b. the process of conception.
c. the prenatal period.
d. birth.
ANSWER: d
23. According to developmental psychologists, development is (a)
a. quantitative change in the individual over time and location.
b. predictable and consistent for all people across various cultures and time periods and with regard to genetic
background.
c. the orderly appearance, over time, of physical structures, psychological traits, behaviors, and ways of adapting
to demands of life.
d. qualitative change in the individual over time and location.
ANSWER: c
24. At age 18 months, Kai is learning lots of new skills. Which of the following illustrates a qualitative change in
behavior?
a. transitioning from crawling to walking.
b. increasing from 19 pounds at 12 months to 24 pounds at 18 months.
c. being able to use a dozen words.
d. sleeping fewer hours during the night than was the case earlier in infancy.
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
25. Lexi, age three, is being seen by her pediatrician, and her parents raise concerns that she seems smaller than other
girls her age, although her height and weight are both within the typical range for a girl her age. They are both short
and slight and wonder if she will be, also. What could the pediatrician accurately tell them?
a. Since genetics are the primary determinant of height and weight, if her biological parents are short and slight,
Sydney will be short and slight.
b. Diet is the primary determinant of height and weight, so if Lexi is small for her age, she is simply not getting
adequate nutrition.
c. Both nature and nurture influence height and weight, so both her biological parents’ small stature and her
nutrition are likely in play.
d. Since Lexi is, indeed, on the smaller size, it is crucial that she undergo thorough testing to be certain that she
does not have any serious illnesses.
ANSWER: c
26. Growth is most accurately described as involving changes in
a. organization.
b. functions.
c. qualities.
d. quantities.
ANSWER: d
27. According to the text, which of the following is a critical reason to study child and adolescent development?
a. To resolve differences with regard to sex and gender
b. To help us eliminate all developmental problems
c. To give advice to parents on how to raise successful adults
d. To help us ensure optimal conditions of child development
ANSWER: d
28. Dr. Jamshidi is interested in why some children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and what
can be done about it. Which of the following motives for studying child development does this best represent?
a. To gain insight into the origins of adult behavior
b. To gain insight into the effects of culture on development
c. To gain insight into developmental problems
d. To optimize conditions for development
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
29. Dr. Filipi studies the impact of day care on the social and intellectual development of children. According to the text,
this represents which of following motives for studying child development?
a. Gaining insight into human nature
b. Gaining insight into sex differences and gender roles
c. Gaining insight into the origins and prevention of developmental problems
d. Optimizing conditions of development
ANSWER: d
30. In the Middle Ages, children were
a. nurtured until they reached the “age of reason.”
b. perceived as innately good.
c. considered blank slates.
d. protected from harsh treatment by law.
ANSWER: a
31. Who is known for the idea of the tabula rasa?
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b. John Locke
c. Alfred Binet
d. Sigmund Freud
ANSWER: b
32. Who suggested that children are innately good at birth?
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b. John Locke
c. Alfred Binet
d. Sigmund Freud
ANSWER: a
33. The modern study of child development began when children were regarded as which of the following?
a. Inherently good, with no need of discipline
b. Miniature adults from day one
c. Unchangeable spirits from birth
d. Clean slates changed by experience
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
34. It was not until the 20th Century that children were
a. viewed as miniature adults after the age of 7.
b. protected, by law, from strenuous labor and caretaker abuse.
c. sent to monasteries or married without their consent.
d. viewed as the property of their parents.
ANSWER: b
35. Charles Darwin is best known as the
a. creator of the theory known as behaviorism.
b. founder of child development as an academic discipline.
c. originator of the theory of evolution.
d. developer of the research method known as the cross-sectional study.
ANSWER: c
36. Who is credited with founding child development as an academic discipline and used questionnaires to study the
contents of children’s minds?
a. John Watson
b. G. Stanley Hall
c. Jean Piaget
d. John Locke
ANSWER: b
37. According to the text, which of the following is a goal of scientists who study development?
a. Prevent the occurrence of genetic disabilities.
b. Ensure parenting is consistent across cultures.
c. Control the uses of reinforcement and punishment.
d. Describe how child development typically occurs.
ANSWER: d
38. Gesell proposed which of the following?
a. Nurture is vastly more important than nature in shaping development.
b. Children are inherently flawed and development involves remedying these flaws.
c. Biological maturation is the main principle of development.
d. Children can be trained to be anything given the appropriate experiences.
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
39. According to scientists, what is a theory?
a. A series of testable predictions about an event
b. A formulation of relationships underlying observed events
c. A feedback process that predicts development
d. A scientific method used to study child development
ANSWER: b
40. Which of these is an important characteristic of useful theories?
a. They allow us to eliminate conflicting ideas.
b. They are broad enough to be true for all humans.
c. They enable laypersons to codify behavior.
d. They allow us to make predictions.
ANSWER: d
41. Who was the originator of psychoanalytic theory?
a. Horney
b. Jung
c. Freud
d. Darwin
ANSWER: c
42. According to psychoanalytic perspectives, the key conflict in early development takes place between the child and
a. the external world.
b. their internal forces.
c. their superego.
d. the fixations the child develops.
ANSWER: a
43. According to Freud, which of the following is present at birth and is unconscious?
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Superego
d. Oedipus
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Childhood and Adolescence 8th Edition Rathus
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
Purchase Guarantee
If you believe you have purchased the wrong file, don’t worry. Contact us anytime and we
will gladly replace it with the correct version.
Contact Email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
1. Growth and development both refer to the same phenomena.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. According to Watson, libidinal energy and erogenous zones are central to understanding human development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
3. Theories involve assumptions about behaviors and mental processes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. According to Freud, both insufficient and excessive gratification can lead to developmental problems.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. According to Erikson, if the crisis associated with a particular stage of development is not successfully resolved, it
will not be possible to resolve subsequent crises.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
6. According to Erikson, the first stage of psychosocial development is trust versus mistrust.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
7. A conditioned response occurs without prior learning.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. Negative reinforcement involves increasing a desired behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
9. Studying nature involves activities like studying the effects of genes on development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. According to the text, language development rests solely on biology.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
11. Continuous development involves both gains and losses.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. Both Piaget and Freud are stage theorists.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. The first step in the scientific method is testing the hypothesis.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
14. Naturalistic observation involves changing the environment that is being observed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
15. If they have consented to participate, parents and their children are required to continue in a research study until it is
over.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
16. How is a child defined by developmental psychologists?
a. A person undergoing development from infancy to puberty
b. A person undergoing development during the first 3 years of life
c. Any human being as defined by each individual and culture
d. The period of development prior to the development of complex speech
ANSWER: a
17. According to developmental psychologists, what is the difference between a child and an infant?
a. Infancy is defined as the first 2 years of life where complex speech is absent, whereas childhood lasts from
birth until puberty.
b. Infancy lasts through age 4, whereas childhood starts at age 5, when children typically begin their formal
education.
c. Infancy is defined by the inability to perform self-care while childhood is defined by independence in self-care.
d. The definition of infancy is largely biological while the definition of childhood is influenced by culture.
ANSWER: a
18. The Latin roots of the word infant mean
a. “not walking.”
b. “not speaking.”
c. “not eating solid foods.”
d. “a child younger than age 3.”
ANSWER: b
19. Dante is classified as being in “early” childhood. This is based on his
a. ability to communicate with others.
b. age.
c. level of social skill.
d. height and weight.
ANSWER: b
20. Middle childhood is defined by developmental psychologists as the
a. blank slate period.
b. years from ages 6 to 12.
c. years from ages 13 to 16.
d. time of greatest gains in height and weight.
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
21. In Western societies, the beginning of middle childhood is usually marked by
a. a child’s entry into preschool.
b. a child’s entry into first grade.
c. the development of mixed-sex friendship groups.
d. a well-defined sense of self-concept.
ANSWER: b
22. The study of development begins with the study of
a. the origins of the sperm and ova.
b. the process of conception.
c. the prenatal period.
d. birth.
ANSWER: d
23. According to developmental psychologists, development is (a)
a. quantitative change in the individual over time and location.
b. predictable and consistent for all people across various cultures and time periods and with regard to genetic
background.
c. the orderly appearance, over time, of physical structures, psychological traits, behaviors, and ways of adapting
to demands of life.
d. qualitative change in the individual over time and location.
ANSWER: c
24. At age 18 months, Kai is learning lots of new skills. Which of the following illustrates a qualitative change in
behavior?
a. transitioning from crawling to walking.
b. increasing from 19 pounds at 12 months to 24 pounds at 18 months.
c. being able to use a dozen words.
d. sleeping fewer hours during the night than was the case earlier in infancy.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
25. Lexi, age three, is being seen by her pediatrician, and her parents raise concerns that she seems smaller than other
girls her age, although her height and weight are both within the typical range for a girl her age. They are both short
and slight and wonder if she will be, also. What could the pediatrician accurately tell them?
a. Since genetics are the primary determinant of height and weight, if her biological parents are short and slight,
Sydney will be short and slight.
b. Diet is the primary determinant of height and weight, so if Lexi is small for her age, she is simply not getting
adequate nutrition.
c. Both nature and nurture influence height and weight, so both her biological parents’ small stature and her
nutrition are likely in play.
d. Since Lexi is, indeed, on the smaller size, it is crucial that she undergo thorough testing to be certain that she
does not have any serious illnesses.
ANSWER: c
26. Growth is most accurately described as involving changes in
a. organization.
b. functions.
c. qualities.
d. quantities.
ANSWER: d
27. According to the text, which of the following is a critical reason to study child and adolescent development?
a. To resolve differences with regard to sex and gender
b. To help us eliminate all developmental problems
c. To give advice to parents on how to raise successful adults
d. To help us ensure optimal conditions of child development
ANSWER: d
28. Dr. Jamshidi is interested in why some children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and what
can be done about it. Which of the following motives for studying child development does this best represent?
a. To gain insight into the origins of adult behavior
b. To gain insight into the effects of culture on development
c. To gain insight into developmental problems
d. To optimize conditions for development
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
29. Dr. Filipi studies the impact of day care on the social and intellectual development of children. According to the text,
this represents which of following motives for studying child development?
a. Gaining insight into human nature
b. Gaining insight into sex differences and gender roles
c. Gaining insight into the origins and prevention of developmental problems
d. Optimizing conditions of development
ANSWER: d
30. In the Middle Ages, children were
a. nurtured until they reached the “age of reason.”
b. perceived as innately good.
c. considered blank slates.
d. protected from harsh treatment by law.
ANSWER: a
31. Who is known for the idea of the tabula rasa?
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b. John Locke
c. Alfred Binet
d. Sigmund Freud
ANSWER: b
32. Who suggested that children are innately good at birth?
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b. John Locke
c. Alfred Binet
d. Sigmund Freud
ANSWER: a
33. The modern study of child development began when children were regarded as which of the following?
a. Inherently good, with no need of discipline
b. Miniature adults from day one
c. Unchangeable spirits from birth
d. Clean slates changed by experience
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
34. It was not until the 20th Century that children were
a. viewed as miniature adults after the age of 7.
b. protected, by law, from strenuous labor and caretaker abuse.
c. sent to monasteries or married without their consent.
d. viewed as the property of their parents.
ANSWER: b
35. Charles Darwin is best known as the
a. creator of the theory known as behaviorism.
b. founder of child development as an academic discipline.
c. originator of the theory of evolution.
d. developer of the research method known as the cross-sectional study.
ANSWER: c
36. Who is credited with founding child development as an academic discipline and used questionnaires to study the
contents of children’s minds?
a. John Watson
b. G. Stanley Hall
c. Jean Piaget
d. John Locke
ANSWER: b
37. According to the text, which of the following is a goal of scientists who study development?
a. Prevent the occurrence of genetic disabilities.
b. Ensure parenting is consistent across cultures.
c. Control the uses of reinforcement and punishment.
d. Describe how child development typically occurs.
ANSWER: d
38. Gesell proposed which of the following?
a. Nurture is vastly more important than nature in shaping development.
b. Children are inherently flawed and development involves remedying these flaws.
c. Biological maturation is the main principle of development.
d. Children can be trained to be anything given the appropriate experiences.
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter_1
39. According to scientists, what is a theory?
a. A series of testable predictions about an event
b. A formulation of relationships underlying observed events
c. A feedback process that predicts development
d. A scientific method used to study child development
ANSWER: b
40. Which of these is an important characteristic of useful theories?
a. They allow us to eliminate conflicting ideas.
b. They are broad enough to be true for all humans.
c. They enable laypersons to codify behavior.
d. They allow us to make predictions.
ANSWER: d
41. Who was the originator of psychoanalytic theory?
a. Horney
b. Jung
c. Freud
d. Darwin
ANSWER: c
42. According to psychoanalytic perspectives, the key conflict in early development takes place between the child and
a. the external world.
b. their internal forces.
c. their superego.
d. the fixations the child develops.
ANSWER: a
43. According to Freud, which of the following is present at birth and is unconscious?
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Superego
d. Oedipus
ANSWER: a
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