HCR 240 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 |200 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS |
2026 LATEST UPDATED| GET A+
what is pathophysiology? - (answer)the study of functional changes produced by disease
processes
Homeostasis - (answer)maintenance of constant internal environment
differential diagnosis - (answer)identify disease responsible; how diseases are distinguished from
others
Etiology - (answer)all factors that cause a disease
Pathogenesis - (answer)what a disease does to cells
clinical features - (answer)signs and symptoms
primary etiology - (answer)having a disease without a preceding cause
idiopathic etiology - (answer)disease without apparent cause
,secondary etiology - (answer)disease with apparent cause
chronic - (answer)reocurring
prognosis - (answer)the outcome expected
Symptoms - (answer)characteristics of disease that are observed
Signs - (answer)things that can be measured
case history - (answer)story of a person presenting with a disease
treatment - (answer)what is done to cure
Sequelae - (answer)outcome of disease process or treatment
4 bases of DNA - (answer)Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
, Mutation - (answer)alterations of genetic material
chromosome aberrations - (answer)leading known cause of miscarriage and mental retardation
base-pair substitution - (answer)one base pair substituted for another
frameshift mutation - (answer)insertion/deletion of one or more base pairs; will cause the protein
sequence will be wrong
spontaneous mutations - (answer)occur in the absence of a mutagen
hot spot - (answer)areas in chromosomes probe to mutations typically where transcription begins
Mutagen - (answer)agent known to increase frequency of mutations in DNA
somatic chromosomes - (answer)46 chromosomes; diploid cells
Gametes - (answer)23 chromosomes; haploid; sex cells
2026 LATEST UPDATED| GET A+
what is pathophysiology? - (answer)the study of functional changes produced by disease
processes
Homeostasis - (answer)maintenance of constant internal environment
differential diagnosis - (answer)identify disease responsible; how diseases are distinguished from
others
Etiology - (answer)all factors that cause a disease
Pathogenesis - (answer)what a disease does to cells
clinical features - (answer)signs and symptoms
primary etiology - (answer)having a disease without a preceding cause
idiopathic etiology - (answer)disease without apparent cause
,secondary etiology - (answer)disease with apparent cause
chronic - (answer)reocurring
prognosis - (answer)the outcome expected
Symptoms - (answer)characteristics of disease that are observed
Signs - (answer)things that can be measured
case history - (answer)story of a person presenting with a disease
treatment - (answer)what is done to cure
Sequelae - (answer)outcome of disease process or treatment
4 bases of DNA - (answer)Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
, Mutation - (answer)alterations of genetic material
chromosome aberrations - (answer)leading known cause of miscarriage and mental retardation
base-pair substitution - (answer)one base pair substituted for another
frameshift mutation - (answer)insertion/deletion of one or more base pairs; will cause the protein
sequence will be wrong
spontaneous mutations - (answer)occur in the absence of a mutagen
hot spot - (answer)areas in chromosomes probe to mutations typically where transcription begins
Mutagen - (answer)agent known to increase frequency of mutations in DNA
somatic chromosomes - (answer)46 chromosomes; diploid cells
Gametes - (answer)23 chromosomes; haploid; sex cells
