NSG 3280 Exam 1 (Pathophysiology for Nurses)
Graded A+
1. Which cellular adaptation occurs when cells increase in size due to
increased workload? A. Hyperplasia B. Hypertrophy C. Atrophy D. Metaplasia
2. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism in Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus? A. Insulin resistance B. Excess glucagon secretion C. Autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic beta cells D. Increased hepatic glucose production
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with renal
failure? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hyponatremia D.
Hypomagnesemia
4. In left-sided heart failure, which clinical manifestation is most expected? A.
Peripheral edema B. Jugular vein distension C. Pulmonary congestion and
dyspnea D. Ascites
5. Which condition is characterized by demyelination of the central nervous
system? A. Guillain-Barré Syndrome B. Myasthenia Gravis C. Multiple
Sclerosis D. Parkinson’s Disease
6. Which process describes programmed cell death that helps regulate tissue
growth? A. Necrosis B. Apoptosis C. Dysplasia D. Hyperplasia
7. What is the hallmark pathophysiological change in Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? A. Restrictive lung pattern B. Airflow limitation
due to chronic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion C. Increased
alveolar surface area D. Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
8. Which lab value is most indicative of myocardial infarction? A. Elevated
BNP B. Elevated Troponin I/T C. Elevated D-dimer D. Elevated CRP
9. Which type of shock results from severe allergic reaction? A. Hypovolemic
shock B. Cardiogenic shock C. Anaphylactic shock D. Neurogenic shock
10. Which hormone deficiency is primarily responsible for hypothyroidism? A.
Cortisol B. Insulin C. Thyroxine (T4) D. Aldosterone
, 11. Which condition is characterized by destruction of articular cartilage and
formation of bone spurs? A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Gout C. Osteoarthritis D.
Osteoporosis
12. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias? A.
Hypocalcemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypernatremia D. Hypophosphatemia
13. Which pathophysiological mechanism underlies asthma? A. Loss of alveolar
elasticity B. Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation leading to
bronchoconstriction C. Pulmonary fibrosis D. Surfactant deficiency
14. Which condition is associated with insulin resistance and
hyperinsulinemia? A. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus C.
Addison’s Disease D. Cushing’s Syndrome
15. Which hematologic disorder is characterized by decreased red blood cell
production due to bone marrow failure? A. Iron-deficiency anemia B.
Hemolytic anemia C. Aplastic anemia D. Sickle cell anemia
16. Which type of necrosis is most often seen in myocardial infarction? A.
Liquefactive B. Caseous C. Coagulative D. Fat
17. Which condition is characterized by hypersecretion of cortisol? A.
Addison’s disease B. Hypothyroidism C. Cushing’s syndrome D. Diabetes
insipidus
18. Which blood disorder results from abnormal hemoglobin causing RBCs to
assume a crescent shape? A. Thalassemia B. Sickle cell anemia C.
Hemophilia D. Polycythemia vera
19. Which pathophysiological change occurs in emphysema? A. Increased
surfactant production B. Destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elasticity C.
Fibrosis of bronchioles D. Pulmonary embolism
20. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely in patients with adrenal
insufficiency? A. Hypernatremia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypercalcemia D.
Hypermagnesemia
Graded A+
1. Which cellular adaptation occurs when cells increase in size due to
increased workload? A. Hyperplasia B. Hypertrophy C. Atrophy D. Metaplasia
2. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism in Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus? A. Insulin resistance B. Excess glucagon secretion C. Autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic beta cells D. Increased hepatic glucose production
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with renal
failure? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hyponatremia D.
Hypomagnesemia
4. In left-sided heart failure, which clinical manifestation is most expected? A.
Peripheral edema B. Jugular vein distension C. Pulmonary congestion and
dyspnea D. Ascites
5. Which condition is characterized by demyelination of the central nervous
system? A. Guillain-Barré Syndrome B. Myasthenia Gravis C. Multiple
Sclerosis D. Parkinson’s Disease
6. Which process describes programmed cell death that helps regulate tissue
growth? A. Necrosis B. Apoptosis C. Dysplasia D. Hyperplasia
7. What is the hallmark pathophysiological change in Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? A. Restrictive lung pattern B. Airflow limitation
due to chronic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion C. Increased
alveolar surface area D. Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
8. Which lab value is most indicative of myocardial infarction? A. Elevated
BNP B. Elevated Troponin I/T C. Elevated D-dimer D. Elevated CRP
9. Which type of shock results from severe allergic reaction? A. Hypovolemic
shock B. Cardiogenic shock C. Anaphylactic shock D. Neurogenic shock
10. Which hormone deficiency is primarily responsible for hypothyroidism? A.
Cortisol B. Insulin C. Thyroxine (T4) D. Aldosterone
, 11. Which condition is characterized by destruction of articular cartilage and
formation of bone spurs? A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Gout C. Osteoarthritis D.
Osteoporosis
12. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias? A.
Hypocalcemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypernatremia D. Hypophosphatemia
13. Which pathophysiological mechanism underlies asthma? A. Loss of alveolar
elasticity B. Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation leading to
bronchoconstriction C. Pulmonary fibrosis D. Surfactant deficiency
14. Which condition is associated with insulin resistance and
hyperinsulinemia? A. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus C.
Addison’s Disease D. Cushing’s Syndrome
15. Which hematologic disorder is characterized by decreased red blood cell
production due to bone marrow failure? A. Iron-deficiency anemia B.
Hemolytic anemia C. Aplastic anemia D. Sickle cell anemia
16. Which type of necrosis is most often seen in myocardial infarction? A.
Liquefactive B. Caseous C. Coagulative D. Fat
17. Which condition is characterized by hypersecretion of cortisol? A.
Addison’s disease B. Hypothyroidism C. Cushing’s syndrome D. Diabetes
insipidus
18. Which blood disorder results from abnormal hemoglobin causing RBCs to
assume a crescent shape? A. Thalassemia B. Sickle cell anemia C.
Hemophilia D. Polycythemia vera
19. Which pathophysiological change occurs in emphysema? A. Increased
surfactant production B. Destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elasticity C.
Fibrosis of bronchioles D. Pulmonary embolism
20. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely in patients with adrenal
insufficiency? A. Hypernatremia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypercalcemia D.
Hypermagnesemia
