, TESTBANK FOR Discovering Psychology 5th Edition Cacioppo
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
1. Psychology developed from which two disciplines?
a. Philosophy and neuroscience
b. Philosophy and natural sciences
c. Biology and neuroscience
d. Philosophy and behaviorism
ANSWER: b
2. What is another way to say that you are observing your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?
a. Psychological report
b. Introspection
c. Mental inventory
d. Objective psychology
ANSWER: b
3. Which of the following techniques would an 18th century philosopher use to study memory?
a. By measuring reaction times of subjects who were asked to recall past events.
b. By reporting on his own subjective experiences while remembering events.
c. By using mathematical models.
d. By collecting reports of dreams from many individuals.
ANSWER: b
4. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and
a. introspection.
b. beliefs.
c. emotion.
d. brain functions.
ANSWER: d
5. Which factor of the mind was a shared belief that was emphasized amongst ancient Greek philosophers and British
empiricists?
a. Cultural memory
b. Dreams
c. Experience
d. Genetics
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
6. An empiricist philosopher who believed the mind was a "blank slate" would most likely believe what about mental
illnesses?
a. That they were the result of negative experiences during childhood.
b. That they were due to genetics.
c. That they could be cured by psychotherapy.
d. That they were the result of both genetics and experience.
ANSWER: a
7. Helmholtz studied how quickly people can feel touches on different parts of their body; Fechner studied the limits of
human hearing. What is the critical distinction between these studies?
a. Fechner's study focused on mental, not just physical, processes.
b. Fechner's study was introspective, Helmholtz's was not.
c. Helmholtz's study was introspective, Fechner's was not.
d. Helmholtz's study was more objective than Fechner's.
ANSWER: a
8. After conducting an experiment on reaction time, Helmholtz argued that it took longer for participants to feel sensation
on their toes because the toes are further from the brain than the thighs are. This conclusion supports which principle
of psychology?
a. That the brain is the seat of the mind.
b. That nerve conduction speed is linear.
c. That the nervous system is not limited to the brain.
d. That introspection is a subjective method for psychological study.
ANSWER: a
9. Which of the following BEST describes the critical difference between introspection and measurements of reaction
time in psychological study?
a. Introspection is a less objective measure than reaction times.
b. Introspection is commonly used by empiricists, and reaction times are more commonly used by physiologists.
c. Introspection is a newer technique than measures of reaction time.
d. Measures of reaction time are more prone to bias than is introspection.
ANSWER: a
10. Herman von Helmhotz’s studies of reaction time are important to the field of psychology. Which of the following
BEST describes why they are important?
a. They demonstrated that mental processes can be studied scientifically.
b. They demonstrated the benefits of introspection to psychological study.
c. They proved the necessity of reaction times in cognition.
d. They demonstrated the link between brain and mind.
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
11. Wundt and Titchener viewed the mind as a hierarchy, with overall perception arising out of the combination of many
other sensations. This view is known as
a. philosophical psychology.
b. physiological psychology.
c. Gestalt psychology.
d. structuralism.
ANSWER: d
12. Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes the idea that one whole experience is different from the
breakdown of that experience?
a. Philosophical psychology
b. Gestalt psychology
c. Structuralism
d. Functionalism
ANSWER: b
13. You conduct a study on taste perception. Which of the following results would present a challenge to a structuralism
approach to psychology?
a. A food tastes the same no matter what context it is eaten in.
b. A food tastes sweeter after eating salty food, and saltier after eating sweet food.
c. Taste perception is shown to have an evolutionary role.
d. Taste perception is shown to result from the combination of many individual taste sensations.
ANSWER: b
14. How would a psychologist using the structuralism approach MOST likely study memory?
a. By identifying the survival benefits of memory.
b. By testing whether memory for some stimulus was the same in different situations.
c. By trying to identify the smaller mental processes that make up "remembering" a stimulus.
d. By testing individuals with memory problems.
ANSWER: c
15. If a psychologist believes that the "whole" of perception matters more than the parts, they are a
a. structuralist.
b. physiological psychologist.
c. Gestalt psychologist.
d. cognitive psychologist.
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
16. The approach to psychology that focuses on the purpose of behavior is known as
a. functionalism.
b. structuralism.
c. cognitive psychology.
d. Gestalt psychology.
ANSWER: a
17. You read about an early 20th-century psychologist who studied why visual illusions occur, and what purpose they
serve in survival. This psychologist was most likely a
a. structuralist.
b. functionalist.
c. humanistic psychologist.
d. Gestalt psychologist.
ANSWER: b
18. Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between structuralism and functionalism approaches to
psychology?
a. Structuralism focuses on the "how" of behavior, and functionalism focuses more on the "why" of behavior.
b. Structuralism is focused on how the whole mind works in unison, whereas functionalism breaks down the mind
into smaller components.
c. Structuralism largely replaced functionalism as psychology progressed as a science.
d. Functionalist approaches largely ignore evolutionary constraints, whereas structuralist approaches factor in
evolution.
ANSWER: a
19. Functionalism is an important piece to understanding the history of psychology because
a. all contemporary psychologists are functionalists at heart.
b. opposition to functionalism led to the development of structuralism.
c. opposition to functionalism led to the development of Gestalt psychology.
d. functionalism was the first school of psychology.
ANSWER: a
20. A researcher who believes differences in brain structure cause mental disorders is following which model of abnormal
psychology?
a. Supernatural model
b. Medical model
c. Psychological model
d. Gestalt model
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
21. What are the two dominant models by which modern psychologists view psychological disorders?
a. Medical model and psychological model
b. Psychological model and supernatural model
c. Psychological model and structural model
d. Structural model and functional model
ANSWER: a
22. How would a psychologist who follows the psychological model be most likely to explain the development of an
anxiety disorder?
a. Anxiety disorders develop due to heredity.
b. Anxiety disorders develop due to differences in brain structure.
c. Anxiety disorders develop due to life experiences such as abuse.
d. Anxiety disorders develop secondary to other disorders.
ANSWER: c
23. The psychological model and the medical model are two views of psychological disorders. What is the best description
of how these models are used in current practice?
a. Most modern psychologists consider both models, depending on the context.
b. Most modern psychologists prefer the psychological model.
c. Most modern psychologists prefer the medical model.
d. Both models have been replaced
ANSWER: a
24. Which of the following is a common critique of Freud?
a. He conducted faulty experiments to verify his theories.
b. He did not treat mental disorders.
c. He ignored the role of the unconscious mind.
d. His methods were not scientific.
ANSWER: d
25. Freud’s approach to psychology emphasizes
a. the impact of early life experiences and the unconscious mind on behavior.
b. the relative unimportance of the unconscious mind.
c. the use of tests of reaction time.
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
26. The notion that "there are no bad people, only bad societies" is closely tied to which approach to psychology?
a. Freudian psychology
b. Humanistic psychology
c. Client-centered psychology
d. Cognitive psychology
ANSWER: b
27. How would a humanistic psychologist explain why a person would commit a crime?
a. That criminal behavior has a genetic/hereditary component.
b. That criminal behavior is due to differences in brain structure.
c. That criminal behavior is an innate aspect of humans.
d. The person was influenced by negative societal pressures.
ANSWER: d
28. How would Freud have explained why a person commits a crime?
a. That criminal behavior has a genetic/hereditary component.
b. That criminal behavior is due to differences in brain structure.
c. That criminal behavior is an innate aspect of humans which must be controlled by society.
d. The person was influenced by negative societal pressures.
ANSWER: c
29. Humanistic psychology is a school of thought in which
a. people are viewed as inherently good.
b. human behavior is seen on a continuum with animal behavior.
c. Freud laid down the critical principles.
d. structuralism is more important than functionalism.
ANSWER: a
30. Which of the following therapy approaches is classified as following humanistic psychology?
a. Client-centered therapy
b. Freudian psychoanalysis
c. Cognitive therapy
d. Structuralist therapy
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
31. Your friend visits a therapist who encourages them to participate actively in their therapy sessions and focus on things
that are going right in their lives. This therapist is most likely engaging in
a. Freudian psychoanalysis.
b. traditional Gestalt therapy.
c. client-centered therapy.
d. functionalist therapy.
ANSWER: c
32. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who broke from Freud's approach by
a. using longer psychoanalysis sessions.
b. focusing on what is good.
c. taking a structuralist approach.
d. taking a functionalist approach.
ANSWER: b
33. The defining feature of behaviorism in psychology is
a. a focus on observable behavior
b. tying behavior to brain function.
c. using therapy to change behavior.
d. Pavlovian conditioning.
ANSWER: a
34. Based on your understanding of behaviorism, how would a modern behaviorist be most likely to study memory?
a. By studying a group of patients with memory disorders.
b. By asking participants to introspect during a memorization task.
c. By measuring brain activity during a memorization task.
d. By measuring accuracy and reaction time in a memorization task.
ANSWER: d
35. Which of the following explains why behaviorists performed research on animals?
a. Evolutionary theory suggests parallels between human and animal behavior.
b. It would be unethical to perform behavioral studies on humans.
c. Animal brain structures are mostly similar to human brain structures.
d. They believed uniquely human aspects of cognition could not be studied.
ANSWER: a
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, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
36. You read about an experimenter who studied the salivation response of dogs to items associated with food. Which
approach to psychology does this experiment fall under?
a. Behaviorism
b. Functionalism
c. Humanism
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: a
37. Ivan Pavlov found that dogs would salivate at the arrival the handler signaling that food would soon arrive. This was
an example of
a. classical conditioning.
b. behaviorism.
c. structuralism.
d. Gestalt learning.
ANSWER: a
38. Which of the following is likely an example of classical conditioning?
a. You memorize your friend’s phone number.
b. You go skydiving for the first time, and feel intense fear just before jumping.
c. Your dog salivates when you are pouring food in the bowl.
d. You feel hungry whenever you drive past your favorite restaurant.
ANSWER: d
39. Pavlov and Watson were behaviorists who followed different avenues of research. The common thread between
them was
a. a basis in humanistic psychology.
b. a basis in cognitive psychology.
c. the link between environmental cues and behavior.
d. using the law of effect to explain behavior.
ANSWER: c
40. Thorndike studied how behaviors followed by positive outcomes become more common over time. He called this
finding
a. the law of effect.
b. behaviorism.
c. structural learning.
d. learning by consequence.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
Contact Email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
1. Psychology developed from which two disciplines?
a. Philosophy and neuroscience
b. Philosophy and natural sciences
c. Biology and neuroscience
d. Philosophy and behaviorism
ANSWER: b
2. What is another way to say that you are observing your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?
a. Psychological report
b. Introspection
c. Mental inventory
d. Objective psychology
ANSWER: b
3. Which of the following techniques would an 18th century philosopher use to study memory?
a. By measuring reaction times of subjects who were asked to recall past events.
b. By reporting on his own subjective experiences while remembering events.
c. By using mathematical models.
d. By collecting reports of dreams from many individuals.
ANSWER: b
4. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and
a. introspection.
b. beliefs.
c. emotion.
d. brain functions.
ANSWER: d
5. Which factor of the mind was a shared belief that was emphasized amongst ancient Greek philosophers and British
empiricists?
a. Cultural memory
b. Dreams
c. Experience
d. Genetics
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
6. An empiricist philosopher who believed the mind was a "blank slate" would most likely believe what about mental
illnesses?
a. That they were the result of negative experiences during childhood.
b. That they were due to genetics.
c. That they could be cured by psychotherapy.
d. That they were the result of both genetics and experience.
ANSWER: a
7. Helmholtz studied how quickly people can feel touches on different parts of their body; Fechner studied the limits of
human hearing. What is the critical distinction between these studies?
a. Fechner's study focused on mental, not just physical, processes.
b. Fechner's study was introspective, Helmholtz's was not.
c. Helmholtz's study was introspective, Fechner's was not.
d. Helmholtz's study was more objective than Fechner's.
ANSWER: a
8. After conducting an experiment on reaction time, Helmholtz argued that it took longer for participants to feel sensation
on their toes because the toes are further from the brain than the thighs are. This conclusion supports which principle
of psychology?
a. That the brain is the seat of the mind.
b. That nerve conduction speed is linear.
c. That the nervous system is not limited to the brain.
d. That introspection is a subjective method for psychological study.
ANSWER: a
9. Which of the following BEST describes the critical difference between introspection and measurements of reaction
time in psychological study?
a. Introspection is a less objective measure than reaction times.
b. Introspection is commonly used by empiricists, and reaction times are more commonly used by physiologists.
c. Introspection is a newer technique than measures of reaction time.
d. Measures of reaction time are more prone to bias than is introspection.
ANSWER: a
10. Herman von Helmhotz’s studies of reaction time are important to the field of psychology. Which of the following
BEST describes why they are important?
a. They demonstrated that mental processes can be studied scientifically.
b. They demonstrated the benefits of introspection to psychological study.
c. They proved the necessity of reaction times in cognition.
d. They demonstrated the link between brain and mind.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
11. Wundt and Titchener viewed the mind as a hierarchy, with overall perception arising out of the combination of many
other sensations. This view is known as
a. philosophical psychology.
b. physiological psychology.
c. Gestalt psychology.
d. structuralism.
ANSWER: d
12. Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes the idea that one whole experience is different from the
breakdown of that experience?
a. Philosophical psychology
b. Gestalt psychology
c. Structuralism
d. Functionalism
ANSWER: b
13. You conduct a study on taste perception. Which of the following results would present a challenge to a structuralism
approach to psychology?
a. A food tastes the same no matter what context it is eaten in.
b. A food tastes sweeter after eating salty food, and saltier after eating sweet food.
c. Taste perception is shown to have an evolutionary role.
d. Taste perception is shown to result from the combination of many individual taste sensations.
ANSWER: b
14. How would a psychologist using the structuralism approach MOST likely study memory?
a. By identifying the survival benefits of memory.
b. By testing whether memory for some stimulus was the same in different situations.
c. By trying to identify the smaller mental processes that make up "remembering" a stimulus.
d. By testing individuals with memory problems.
ANSWER: c
15. If a psychologist believes that the "whole" of perception matters more than the parts, they are a
a. structuralist.
b. physiological psychologist.
c. Gestalt psychologist.
d. cognitive psychologist.
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
16. The approach to psychology that focuses on the purpose of behavior is known as
a. functionalism.
b. structuralism.
c. cognitive psychology.
d. Gestalt psychology.
ANSWER: a
17. You read about an early 20th-century psychologist who studied why visual illusions occur, and what purpose they
serve in survival. This psychologist was most likely a
a. structuralist.
b. functionalist.
c. humanistic psychologist.
d. Gestalt psychologist.
ANSWER: b
18. Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between structuralism and functionalism approaches to
psychology?
a. Structuralism focuses on the "how" of behavior, and functionalism focuses more on the "why" of behavior.
b. Structuralism is focused on how the whole mind works in unison, whereas functionalism breaks down the mind
into smaller components.
c. Structuralism largely replaced functionalism as psychology progressed as a science.
d. Functionalist approaches largely ignore evolutionary constraints, whereas structuralist approaches factor in
evolution.
ANSWER: a
19. Functionalism is an important piece to understanding the history of psychology because
a. all contemporary psychologists are functionalists at heart.
b. opposition to functionalism led to the development of structuralism.
c. opposition to functionalism led to the development of Gestalt psychology.
d. functionalism was the first school of psychology.
ANSWER: a
20. A researcher who believes differences in brain structure cause mental disorders is following which model of abnormal
psychology?
a. Supernatural model
b. Medical model
c. Psychological model
d. Gestalt model
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
21. What are the two dominant models by which modern psychologists view psychological disorders?
a. Medical model and psychological model
b. Psychological model and supernatural model
c. Psychological model and structural model
d. Structural model and functional model
ANSWER: a
22. How would a psychologist who follows the psychological model be most likely to explain the development of an
anxiety disorder?
a. Anxiety disorders develop due to heredity.
b. Anxiety disorders develop due to differences in brain structure.
c. Anxiety disorders develop due to life experiences such as abuse.
d. Anxiety disorders develop secondary to other disorders.
ANSWER: c
23. The psychological model and the medical model are two views of psychological disorders. What is the best description
of how these models are used in current practice?
a. Most modern psychologists consider both models, depending on the context.
b. Most modern psychologists prefer the psychological model.
c. Most modern psychologists prefer the medical model.
d. Both models have been replaced
ANSWER: a
24. Which of the following is a common critique of Freud?
a. He conducted faulty experiments to verify his theories.
b. He did not treat mental disorders.
c. He ignored the role of the unconscious mind.
d. His methods were not scientific.
ANSWER: d
25. Freud’s approach to psychology emphasizes
a. the impact of early life experiences and the unconscious mind on behavior.
b. the relative unimportance of the unconscious mind.
c. the use of tests of reaction time.
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
26. The notion that "there are no bad people, only bad societies" is closely tied to which approach to psychology?
a. Freudian psychology
b. Humanistic psychology
c. Client-centered psychology
d. Cognitive psychology
ANSWER: b
27. How would a humanistic psychologist explain why a person would commit a crime?
a. That criminal behavior has a genetic/hereditary component.
b. That criminal behavior is due to differences in brain structure.
c. That criminal behavior is an innate aspect of humans.
d. The person was influenced by negative societal pressures.
ANSWER: d
28. How would Freud have explained why a person commits a crime?
a. That criminal behavior has a genetic/hereditary component.
b. That criminal behavior is due to differences in brain structure.
c. That criminal behavior is an innate aspect of humans which must be controlled by society.
d. The person was influenced by negative societal pressures.
ANSWER: c
29. Humanistic psychology is a school of thought in which
a. people are viewed as inherently good.
b. human behavior is seen on a continuum with animal behavior.
c. Freud laid down the critical principles.
d. structuralism is more important than functionalism.
ANSWER: a
30. Which of the following therapy approaches is classified as following humanistic psychology?
a. Client-centered therapy
b. Freudian psychoanalysis
c. Cognitive therapy
d. Structuralist therapy
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
31. Your friend visits a therapist who encourages them to participate actively in their therapy sessions and focus on things
that are going right in their lives. This therapist is most likely engaging in
a. Freudian psychoanalysis.
b. traditional Gestalt therapy.
c. client-centered therapy.
d. functionalist therapy.
ANSWER: c
32. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who broke from Freud's approach by
a. using longer psychoanalysis sessions.
b. focusing on what is good.
c. taking a structuralist approach.
d. taking a functionalist approach.
ANSWER: b
33. The defining feature of behaviorism in psychology is
a. a focus on observable behavior
b. tying behavior to brain function.
c. using therapy to change behavior.
d. Pavlovian conditioning.
ANSWER: a
34. Based on your understanding of behaviorism, how would a modern behaviorist be most likely to study memory?
a. By studying a group of patients with memory disorders.
b. By asking participants to introspect during a memorization task.
c. By measuring brain activity during a memorization task.
d. By measuring accuracy and reaction time in a memorization task.
ANSWER: d
35. Which of the following explains why behaviorists performed research on animals?
a. Evolutionary theory suggests parallels between human and animal behavior.
b. It would be unethical to perform behavioral studies on humans.
c. Animal brain structures are mostly similar to human brain structures.
d. They believed uniquely human aspects of cognition could not be studied.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
36. You read about an experimenter who studied the salivation response of dogs to items associated with food. Which
approach to psychology does this experiment fall under?
a. Behaviorism
b. Functionalism
c. Humanism
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: a
37. Ivan Pavlov found that dogs would salivate at the arrival the handler signaling that food would soon arrive. This was
an example of
a. classical conditioning.
b. behaviorism.
c. structuralism.
d. Gestalt learning.
ANSWER: a
38. Which of the following is likely an example of classical conditioning?
a. You memorize your friend’s phone number.
b. You go skydiving for the first time, and feel intense fear just before jumping.
c. Your dog salivates when you are pouring food in the bowl.
d. You feel hungry whenever you drive past your favorite restaurant.
ANSWER: d
39. Pavlov and Watson were behaviorists who followed different avenues of research. The common thread between
them was
a. a basis in humanistic psychology.
b. a basis in cognitive psychology.
c. the link between environmental cues and behavior.
d. using the law of effect to explain behavior.
ANSWER: c
40. Thorndike studied how behaviors followed by positive outcomes become more common over time. He called this
finding
a. the law of effect.
b. behaviorism.
c. structural learning.
d. learning by consequence.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
