NURS 1057 Test 3 Review Questions With
Complete Solutions
Diuretics - ANSWER Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion
ACE inhibitors - ANSWER Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) - ANSWER drug that blocks the flow of
calcium ions into myocardial cells
Uncomplicated HTN - ANSWER hypertension that occurs without associated
clinical conditions, such as diabetes, heart failure, or coronary disease, which
often complicate treatment of the hypertensive patient.
Complicated HTN - ANSWER HTN that is caused by or happed due to underlying
illnesses, such as DM,HF,CAD and stroke.
Categories for Treatment of HTN: There are specific treatment
recommendations for Complicated HTN in Canada: - ANSWER Ischemic heart
disease; Coronary Artery disease and Myocardial infarction (recent)
Categories for Treatment of HTN: There are specific treatment
recommendations for Complicated HTN in Canada: - ANSWER Heart Failure
Stroke (Acute and post Stroke)
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Renovascular disease
Diabetics
Combination Therapy - Add on Therapy: When one just is not enough! - ANSWER
Usually one medication is tried first before using going to combination therapy.
In Uncomplicated HTN, what drugs are usually used as a first line choice? -
ANSWER Mono therapy Drugs such as Diuretic like Thiazide, ACE inhibitor,CCB
,ARB and Beta Blocker
Combination therapy: Additional antihypertensive drugs should be used if? -
ANSWER target blood pressure levels are not achieved with standard-dose
monotherapy and Add-on drugs should be chosen from first- line choices
Stable Angina - ANSWER Beta-blocker & Long-acting CCB
Recent Myocardial infarction - ANSWER Beta-blocker and ACEI or ARB
,• High Risk patients Long Acting Dihydropyrine CCB or Long acting CCB
Heart Failure - ANSWER ACEI and Beta blocker
• if ACEI intolerant: ARB • May require add ons
Acute Ischemic Stroke <72hours - ANSWER Emergency situation - not RPN
Usually not treated unless BP is very high
Post Stroke - ANSWER ACE inhibitor/diuretic combination
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANSWER ACE inhibitors, ARBs, long-acting CCBs
or thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics
CKD (non-diabetic) - ANSWER ACEI or ARB (if ACEI intolerant)
• May require add ons
Renovascular Disease - ANSWER Treat like uncomplicated HTN
• Caution for use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Diabetic Patients - ANSWER Treatment is specific to whether patient has
Nephropathy or not
Calcium channel blocker prevents the release of? - ANSWER internal calcium
stores into cell cytosol
Heart Muscle cell does not respond to? - ANSWER calcium ion signals
Vascular protection:
Statins for high risk hypertensive patients - ANSWER Statins are recommended
in high risk hypertensive patients based on having established atherosclerotic
disease or at least 3 of the following:
• Previous Stroke or TIA
• LVH
• ECG abnormalities
• Albuminuria or CKD
• Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Male
• 55yorolder
• Smoking
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Total-C/HDL-C ratio of 6 or higher
• Premature Family History of CV disease
Vascular protection:
ASA for hypertensive patients - ANSWER Low dose ASA in hypertensive patients
is recommended for patients >50 years
, (CCBs):key role in the synaptic gap of neurons, causes? - ANSWER intracellular
vesicles to move towards neuronal membrane and Causes vesicles to empty the
contents of the vesicles into
the synaptic gap (neurotransmitters)
(CCBs): works on skeletal and cardiac muscle and causes? - ANSWER
contraction of muscles and binds to troponin in skeletal / cardiac and binds to
calmodulin in smooth muscles
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) - ANSWER They block the inflow of calcium
through the slow channels in the cell membrane of cardiac and smooth muscle
cells.
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) - ANSWER they block membrane transport of
calcium into the cells without affecting the influx of sodium ions into the cell
Blocking the influx of Ca++ in the Cardiovascular system leads to: - ANSWER
Depression of mechanical contraction of myocardial muscles and Depression of
contraction of smooth muscles
Blocking the influx of Ca++ in the Cardiovascular system leads to: - ANSWER
Depression of impulse formation (automaticity) and Depression of conduction
velocity of impulses
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
Used in the treatment of: - ANSWER Angina pectoris and Dysrhythmias
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
Used in the treatment of: - ANSWER Hypertension; Preferrred Monotherapy in
the elderly & African Ancestory and Elderly because their CO, blood volume,
renin are low and PVR and catecholamines are high.
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): Other uses - ANSWER Low doses of CCB
relax arterial muscle and decrease BP and Combined with beta blockers or
diuretics for cardiovascular therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): Other uses - ANSWER Safe for certain types
of dysrhythmias and Diabetic HTN with Nephropathy
; reduced renin-angiotensin mechanism and Protective effects by reducing HTN
CCB Medications: Non- dihyropyridine - ANSWER Diltiazem (Cardizem) and
Verapamil
Complete Solutions
Diuretics - ANSWER Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion
ACE inhibitors - ANSWER Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) - ANSWER drug that blocks the flow of
calcium ions into myocardial cells
Uncomplicated HTN - ANSWER hypertension that occurs without associated
clinical conditions, such as diabetes, heart failure, or coronary disease, which
often complicate treatment of the hypertensive patient.
Complicated HTN - ANSWER HTN that is caused by or happed due to underlying
illnesses, such as DM,HF,CAD and stroke.
Categories for Treatment of HTN: There are specific treatment
recommendations for Complicated HTN in Canada: - ANSWER Ischemic heart
disease; Coronary Artery disease and Myocardial infarction (recent)
Categories for Treatment of HTN: There are specific treatment
recommendations for Complicated HTN in Canada: - ANSWER Heart Failure
Stroke (Acute and post Stroke)
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Renovascular disease
Diabetics
Combination Therapy - Add on Therapy: When one just is not enough! - ANSWER
Usually one medication is tried first before using going to combination therapy.
In Uncomplicated HTN, what drugs are usually used as a first line choice? -
ANSWER Mono therapy Drugs such as Diuretic like Thiazide, ACE inhibitor,CCB
,ARB and Beta Blocker
Combination therapy: Additional antihypertensive drugs should be used if? -
ANSWER target blood pressure levels are not achieved with standard-dose
monotherapy and Add-on drugs should be chosen from first- line choices
Stable Angina - ANSWER Beta-blocker & Long-acting CCB
Recent Myocardial infarction - ANSWER Beta-blocker and ACEI or ARB
,• High Risk patients Long Acting Dihydropyrine CCB or Long acting CCB
Heart Failure - ANSWER ACEI and Beta blocker
• if ACEI intolerant: ARB • May require add ons
Acute Ischemic Stroke <72hours - ANSWER Emergency situation - not RPN
Usually not treated unless BP is very high
Post Stroke - ANSWER ACE inhibitor/diuretic combination
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANSWER ACE inhibitors, ARBs, long-acting CCBs
or thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics
CKD (non-diabetic) - ANSWER ACEI or ARB (if ACEI intolerant)
• May require add ons
Renovascular Disease - ANSWER Treat like uncomplicated HTN
• Caution for use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Diabetic Patients - ANSWER Treatment is specific to whether patient has
Nephropathy or not
Calcium channel blocker prevents the release of? - ANSWER internal calcium
stores into cell cytosol
Heart Muscle cell does not respond to? - ANSWER calcium ion signals
Vascular protection:
Statins for high risk hypertensive patients - ANSWER Statins are recommended
in high risk hypertensive patients based on having established atherosclerotic
disease or at least 3 of the following:
• Previous Stroke or TIA
• LVH
• ECG abnormalities
• Albuminuria or CKD
• Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Male
• 55yorolder
• Smoking
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Total-C/HDL-C ratio of 6 or higher
• Premature Family History of CV disease
Vascular protection:
ASA for hypertensive patients - ANSWER Low dose ASA in hypertensive patients
is recommended for patients >50 years
, (CCBs):key role in the synaptic gap of neurons, causes? - ANSWER intracellular
vesicles to move towards neuronal membrane and Causes vesicles to empty the
contents of the vesicles into
the synaptic gap (neurotransmitters)
(CCBs): works on skeletal and cardiac muscle and causes? - ANSWER
contraction of muscles and binds to troponin in skeletal / cardiac and binds to
calmodulin in smooth muscles
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) - ANSWER They block the inflow of calcium
through the slow channels in the cell membrane of cardiac and smooth muscle
cells.
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) - ANSWER they block membrane transport of
calcium into the cells without affecting the influx of sodium ions into the cell
Blocking the influx of Ca++ in the Cardiovascular system leads to: - ANSWER
Depression of mechanical contraction of myocardial muscles and Depression of
contraction of smooth muscles
Blocking the influx of Ca++ in the Cardiovascular system leads to: - ANSWER
Depression of impulse formation (automaticity) and Depression of conduction
velocity of impulses
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
Used in the treatment of: - ANSWER Angina pectoris and Dysrhythmias
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
Used in the treatment of: - ANSWER Hypertension; Preferrred Monotherapy in
the elderly & African Ancestory and Elderly because their CO, blood volume,
renin are low and PVR and catecholamines are high.
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): Other uses - ANSWER Low doses of CCB
relax arterial muscle and decrease BP and Combined with beta blockers or
diuretics for cardiovascular therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): Other uses - ANSWER Safe for certain types
of dysrhythmias and Diabetic HTN with Nephropathy
; reduced renin-angiotensin mechanism and Protective effects by reducing HTN
CCB Medications: Non- dihyropyridine - ANSWER Diltiazem (Cardizem) and
Verapamil
