, TESTBANK FOR Essentials of Psychology 7th Edition Nevid
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
1. The first psychology laboratory was founded by
a. William James.
b. John B. Watson.
c. Edward Titchener.
d. Wilhelm Wundt.
ANSWER: d
2. Which school of thought proposed that psychology should explain how people adapt or fail to adapt to the real world
outside of the laboratory, thus becoming the first applied psychologists?
a. Functionalists
b. Structuralists
c. Behaviorists
d. Psychoanalysts
ANSWER: a
3. Which theory proposed the technique of introspection?
a. Functionalism
b. Structuralism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: b
4. Which early perspective of psychology focused more on the perception of patterns and whole figures than the
individual aspects of a stimulus?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: d
5. What was the first formal school of thought in psychology which sought to analyze the basic elements of conscious
mental experience?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Humanism
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
6. Skinner’s work in which school of thought had a powerful influence on modern psychology?
a. Cognitive
b. Humanistic
c. Evolutionary
d. Behavioral
ANSWER: d
7. Introspection is MOST closely associated with which of the following?
a. Wundt and structuralism
b. James and functionalism
c. Wertheimer and Gestalt psychology
d. Structuralism and psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
8. In breaking away from the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives, psychologists developed which perspective
that focused on people’s unique characteristics and perspectives?
a. Biological
b. Sociocultural
c. Cognitive
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: d
9. Which approach emphasizes the understanding of mental disorders in terms of unconscious needs, desires,
memories, and conflicts?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Biological
c. Behavioral
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: a
10. According to the scientific method, which is a characteristic of all hypotheses?
a. They are true.
b. They are testable.
c. They are formulated only after completion of a study.
d. They are vague.
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
11. In science, how is a theory described?
a. A specific prediction about the result of an experiment.
b. A way of developing knowledge based on evaluating evidence.
c. A general attempt to explain the relationship between events or findings.
d. A method of inquiry using careful observation.
ANSWER: c
12. E. B. Titchener was MOST closely aligned with which early school of psychology?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Cognitive
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
13. Which of the following mental health professionals is the only one who, in many states, can prescribe medicine?
a. A psychiatrist
b. A counselor
c. A social worker
d. A psychologist
ANSWER: a
14. Which of the following is the MOST complete definition of psychology?
a. The science of observable behavior and thoughts.
b. The science of behavior.
c. The science of mental processes.
d. The science of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: d
15. Why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect?
a. When two variables are linked, it is unclear which causes the other.
b. Without random assignment, correlation cannot be determined.
c. Without random selection, causation is unable to be determined.
d. Only experiments that link variables together can show a correlation.
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
16. A functionalist is MOST likely to ask which of the following questions?
a. What purpose do superstitions serve?
b. How would you describe the taste of a peach?
c. What does the texture of chalk remind you of?
d. How does seeing a butterfly make you feel?
ANSWER: a
17. If deception in research must be used, which must occur?
a. Participants must be debriefed as soon as the study concludes.
b. Participants must be given no opportunity to withdraw from the study.
c. Participants must be provided appropriate excuses.
d. Participants must be offered additional compensation.
ANSWER: a
18. Which Greek philosopher emphasized the importance of acquiring knowledge through observation of the natural
world?
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Hippocrates
ANSWER: a
19. Which of the following is an accurate statement about animal research?
a. Animal research has no rules to follow.
b. Animals must not be harmed unless there is no other way.
c. Animals have none of the rights that human participants do.
d. Animal research is permissible with minimal supervision.
ANSWER: b
20. Ajit is a graduate student in psychology who is conducting research on the effectiveness of two types of therapy in
the treatment of phobias. Ajit is at the stage where he uses statistics to analyze the data he has collected in order to
determine if his initial hypothesis is supported by the research. At which stage of the scientific method is Ajit
working?
a. Drawing conclusions
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
21. All of the following are steps in the scientific method EXCEPT
a. drawing conclusions
b. developing a hypothesis
c. ignoring contradictory evidence
d. gathering evidence
ANSWER: c
22. Suppose Joan discovers that an event she shared in confidence during a session with her therapist has been shared
with others. Which is likely to occur?
a. Joan’s experience in therapy will be better because she is forced to deal directly with her issues.
b. Joan’s experience in therapy will be worse because her therapist has violated their confidentiality agreement.
c. Joan will file a complaint, but will be informed that psychologists cannot be reprimanded for violating
confidentiality.
d. This new information is unlikely to affect Joan’s future experiences in therapy.
ANSWER: b
23. Jenna and her family are concerned about her pattern of substance use. Which professional would MOST likely be
able to provide support for Jenna?
a. social psychologist
b. school psychologist
c. industrial/organizational psychologist
d. counseling psychologist
ANSWER: d
24. Javier is suffering from severe clinical depression and requires a prescription for an antidepressant. He would
MOST likely need to see which of the following professionals?
a. A counseling psychologist
b. A psychiatrist
c. A clinical psychologist
d. A school psychologist
ANSWER: b
25. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?
a. forming a hypothesis, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
b. gathering evidence, developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, drawing conclusions
c. developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
d. formulating a theory, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
26. Which of the following is a major human dignity issue for psychologists?
a. Making sure researchers are given proper credit for their work.
b. Protecting pets from unnecessary harm.
c. Protecting the rights of vulnerable or mentally ill individuals.
d. Making sure therapists do not “steal” clients from other therapists.
ANSWER: c
27. Suppose a participant in an experiment feels pressured by researchers to continue, despite wishing to withdraw after
the experiment begins. Which of the following is the MOST likely consequence of this situation?
a. The participant will intentionally bias the results.
b. The participant will demand extra compensation.
c. The participant will suffer psychological distress.
d. The participant will not be allowed to withdraw.
ANSWER: c
28. Dr. Mingus keeps a very detailed record of a series of interviews with an individual who is suffering from a rare
brain disorder. This is an example of which research method?
a. Experiment
b. Correlational
c. Case study
d. Naturalistic observation
ANSWER: c
29. Your psychology professor refers to a research study and says the results were “statistically significant.” Which step
in the scientific method does this apply?
a. Drawing conclusions
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
30. Suppose the guards at a prison began to mistreat and abuse the inmates. When new guards join the prison, they soon
begin mistreating the prisoners as well, even though they have never done so before. Which type of psychologist
would be MOST interested in studying why this occurs?
a. Counseling psychologist
b. Developmental psychologist
c. Social psychologist
d. Physiological psychologist
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
31. Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research method?
a. naturalistic observation
b. experiments
c. case studies
d. surveys
ANSWER: d
32. The use of the survey method is limited by which types of biases?
a. social desirability bias and volunteer bias
b. random sampling bias and population bias
c. case study bias and observational bias
d. survey bias and volunteer bias
ANSWER: a
33. Who is the only African American to have served as president of the American Psychological Association?
a. Kenneth Clark
b. J. Henry Alston
c. Gilbert Haven Jones
d. Francis Sumner
ANSWER: a
34. In survey research, _______ are segments of the total group who are the subject of interest to the researcher.
a. populations
b. volunteers
c. control groups
d. samples
ANSWER: d
35. Regarding the psychodynamic perspective, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Formally trained Freudian psychologists reject the belief that problems may be rooted in childhood.
b. Compared to Freud, neo-Freudians place less emphasis on basic drives.
c. Psychodynamic principles and ideas are found in our popular culture.
d. The psychodynamic perspective remains a vibrant force in psychology today.
ANSWER: a
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, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
36. It is important for psychologists to remember that psychological explanations for behavior
a. may not apply to all situations or all groups of people.
b. are equally valid for all groups and situations.
c. are always biased.
d. are always based on observational research.
ANSWER: a
37. Dr. Chen finds in her study of people’s charitable habits that individuals overestimate the amount of money they give
to their churches and private schools. Dr. Chen’s results may reflect
a. over-representation bias.
b. social desirability bias.
c. poor random sampling.
d. large sample bias.
ANSWER: b
38. Suppose a study is conducted examining the development of sexual orientation in young men. Why should the
researchers be cautious about generalizing their results to both sexes?
a. The development of sexual orientation for young women may not be the same as for young men.
b. The study results are correlational and cannot be interpreted as causal.
c. The results based on a sample should never be generalized to a population.
d. The participants probably did not take the study seriously.
ANSWER: a
39. Developmental psychologist Arthur Chang watches children in a daycare center through a one-way mirror. Chang is
utilizing which form of research?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. naturalistic observation
d. survey
ANSWER: c
40. Suppose Anita conducts an experiment to test which types of stimuli elicit the fastest reaction time in participants.
When she publishes her results in a scientific paper, Anita includes information on the equipment she used to
measure reaction time and on exactly which stimuli were used in the study. According to the scientific method,
including this information is important so that other researchers
a. can determine if Anita was properly educated.
b. know that Anita used the MOST advanced equipment.
c. know that Anita actually performed the experiment.
d. can replicate Anita’s experiment if they want to do so.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
Contact Email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
1. The first psychology laboratory was founded by
a. William James.
b. John B. Watson.
c. Edward Titchener.
d. Wilhelm Wundt.
ANSWER: d
2. Which school of thought proposed that psychology should explain how people adapt or fail to adapt to the real world
outside of the laboratory, thus becoming the first applied psychologists?
a. Functionalists
b. Structuralists
c. Behaviorists
d. Psychoanalysts
ANSWER: a
3. Which theory proposed the technique of introspection?
a. Functionalism
b. Structuralism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: b
4. Which early perspective of psychology focused more on the perception of patterns and whole figures than the
individual aspects of a stimulus?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: d
5. What was the first formal school of thought in psychology which sought to analyze the basic elements of conscious
mental experience?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Behaviorism
d. Humanism
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
6. Skinner’s work in which school of thought had a powerful influence on modern psychology?
a. Cognitive
b. Humanistic
c. Evolutionary
d. Behavioral
ANSWER: d
7. Introspection is MOST closely associated with which of the following?
a. Wundt and structuralism
b. James and functionalism
c. Wertheimer and Gestalt psychology
d. Structuralism and psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
8. In breaking away from the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives, psychologists developed which perspective
that focused on people’s unique characteristics and perspectives?
a. Biological
b. Sociocultural
c. Cognitive
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: d
9. Which approach emphasizes the understanding of mental disorders in terms of unconscious needs, desires,
memories, and conflicts?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Biological
c. Behavioral
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: a
10. According to the scientific method, which is a characteristic of all hypotheses?
a. They are true.
b. They are testable.
c. They are formulated only after completion of a study.
d. They are vague.
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
11. In science, how is a theory described?
a. A specific prediction about the result of an experiment.
b. A way of developing knowledge based on evaluating evidence.
c. A general attempt to explain the relationship between events or findings.
d. A method of inquiry using careful observation.
ANSWER: c
12. E. B. Titchener was MOST closely aligned with which early school of psychology?
a. Structuralism
b. Functionalism
c. Cognitive
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
13. Which of the following mental health professionals is the only one who, in many states, can prescribe medicine?
a. A psychiatrist
b. A counselor
c. A social worker
d. A psychologist
ANSWER: a
14. Which of the following is the MOST complete definition of psychology?
a. The science of observable behavior and thoughts.
b. The science of behavior.
c. The science of mental processes.
d. The science of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: d
15. Why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect?
a. When two variables are linked, it is unclear which causes the other.
b. Without random assignment, correlation cannot be determined.
c. Without random selection, causation is unable to be determined.
d. Only experiments that link variables together can show a correlation.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
16. A functionalist is MOST likely to ask which of the following questions?
a. What purpose do superstitions serve?
b. How would you describe the taste of a peach?
c. What does the texture of chalk remind you of?
d. How does seeing a butterfly make you feel?
ANSWER: a
17. If deception in research must be used, which must occur?
a. Participants must be debriefed as soon as the study concludes.
b. Participants must be given no opportunity to withdraw from the study.
c. Participants must be provided appropriate excuses.
d. Participants must be offered additional compensation.
ANSWER: a
18. Which Greek philosopher emphasized the importance of acquiring knowledge through observation of the natural
world?
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Hippocrates
ANSWER: a
19. Which of the following is an accurate statement about animal research?
a. Animal research has no rules to follow.
b. Animals must not be harmed unless there is no other way.
c. Animals have none of the rights that human participants do.
d. Animal research is permissible with minimal supervision.
ANSWER: b
20. Ajit is a graduate student in psychology who is conducting research on the effectiveness of two types of therapy in
the treatment of phobias. Ajit is at the stage where he uses statistics to analyze the data he has collected in order to
determine if his initial hypothesis is supported by the research. At which stage of the scientific method is Ajit
working?
a. Drawing conclusions
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
21. All of the following are steps in the scientific method EXCEPT
a. drawing conclusions
b. developing a hypothesis
c. ignoring contradictory evidence
d. gathering evidence
ANSWER: c
22. Suppose Joan discovers that an event she shared in confidence during a session with her therapist has been shared
with others. Which is likely to occur?
a. Joan’s experience in therapy will be better because she is forced to deal directly with her issues.
b. Joan’s experience in therapy will be worse because her therapist has violated their confidentiality agreement.
c. Joan will file a complaint, but will be informed that psychologists cannot be reprimanded for violating
confidentiality.
d. This new information is unlikely to affect Joan’s future experiences in therapy.
ANSWER: b
23. Jenna and her family are concerned about her pattern of substance use. Which professional would MOST likely be
able to provide support for Jenna?
a. social psychologist
b. school psychologist
c. industrial/organizational psychologist
d. counseling psychologist
ANSWER: d
24. Javier is suffering from severe clinical depression and requires a prescription for an antidepressant. He would
MOST likely need to see which of the following professionals?
a. A counseling psychologist
b. A psychiatrist
c. A clinical psychologist
d. A school psychologist
ANSWER: b
25. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?
a. forming a hypothesis, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
b. gathering evidence, developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, drawing conclusions
c. developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
d. formulating a theory, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
26. Which of the following is a major human dignity issue for psychologists?
a. Making sure researchers are given proper credit for their work.
b. Protecting pets from unnecessary harm.
c. Protecting the rights of vulnerable or mentally ill individuals.
d. Making sure therapists do not “steal” clients from other therapists.
ANSWER: c
27. Suppose a participant in an experiment feels pressured by researchers to continue, despite wishing to withdraw after
the experiment begins. Which of the following is the MOST likely consequence of this situation?
a. The participant will intentionally bias the results.
b. The participant will demand extra compensation.
c. The participant will suffer psychological distress.
d. The participant will not be allowed to withdraw.
ANSWER: c
28. Dr. Mingus keeps a very detailed record of a series of interviews with an individual who is suffering from a rare
brain disorder. This is an example of which research method?
a. Experiment
b. Correlational
c. Case study
d. Naturalistic observation
ANSWER: c
29. Your psychology professor refers to a research study and says the results were “statistically significant.” Which step
in the scientific method does this apply?
a. Drawing conclusions
b. Developing a research question
c. Gathering evidence
d. Replicating results
ANSWER: a
30. Suppose the guards at a prison began to mistreat and abuse the inmates. When new guards join the prison, they soon
begin mistreating the prisoners as well, even though they have never done so before. Which type of psychologist
would be MOST interested in studying why this occurs?
a. Counseling psychologist
b. Developmental psychologist
c. Social psychologist
d. Physiological psychologist
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
31. Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research method?
a. naturalistic observation
b. experiments
c. case studies
d. surveys
ANSWER: d
32. The use of the survey method is limited by which types of biases?
a. social desirability bias and volunteer bias
b. random sampling bias and population bias
c. case study bias and observational bias
d. survey bias and volunteer bias
ANSWER: a
33. Who is the only African American to have served as president of the American Psychological Association?
a. Kenneth Clark
b. J. Henry Alston
c. Gilbert Haven Jones
d. Francis Sumner
ANSWER: a
34. In survey research, _______ are segments of the total group who are the subject of interest to the researcher.
a. populations
b. volunteers
c. control groups
d. samples
ANSWER: d
35. Regarding the psychodynamic perspective, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Formally trained Freudian psychologists reject the belief that problems may be rooted in childhood.
b. Compared to Freud, neo-Freudians place less emphasis on basic drives.
c. Psychodynamic principles and ideas are found in our popular culture.
d. The psychodynamic perspective remains a vibrant force in psychology today.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Psychology
36. It is important for psychologists to remember that psychological explanations for behavior
a. may not apply to all situations or all groups of people.
b. are equally valid for all groups and situations.
c. are always biased.
d. are always based on observational research.
ANSWER: a
37. Dr. Chen finds in her study of people’s charitable habits that individuals overestimate the amount of money they give
to their churches and private schools. Dr. Chen’s results may reflect
a. over-representation bias.
b. social desirability bias.
c. poor random sampling.
d. large sample bias.
ANSWER: b
38. Suppose a study is conducted examining the development of sexual orientation in young men. Why should the
researchers be cautious about generalizing their results to both sexes?
a. The development of sexual orientation for young women may not be the same as for young men.
b. The study results are correlational and cannot be interpreted as causal.
c. The results based on a sample should never be generalized to a population.
d. The participants probably did not take the study seriously.
ANSWER: a
39. Developmental psychologist Arthur Chang watches children in a daycare center through a one-way mirror. Chang is
utilizing which form of research?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. naturalistic observation
d. survey
ANSWER: c
40. Suppose Anita conducts an experiment to test which types of stimuli elicit the fastest reaction time in participants.
When she publishes her results in a scientific paper, Anita includes information on the equipment she used to
measure reaction time and on exactly which stimuli were used in the study. According to the scientific method,
including this information is important so that other researchers
a. can determine if Anita was properly educated.
b. know that Anita used the MOST advanced equipment.
c. know that Anita actually performed the experiment.
d. can replicate Anita’s experiment if they want to do so.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
