NSG 3850 Assessment 1 Pathophysiology for
Nurses II Graded A+
1. Which cellular adaptation occurs when cells increase in size due to increased
workload? A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Dysplasia
D) Hypertrophy
2. What is the primary cause of hypoxemia in respiratory disorders?
A) Increased hemoglobin levels
B) Impaired gas exchange in alveoli
C) Excess oxygen delivery
D) Decreased cardiac output
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
A) Hypernatremia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypomagnesemia
4. In chronic kidney disease, anemia develops primarily due to:
A) Iron deficiency
B) Decreased erythropoietin production
C) Vitamin B12 deficiency
,D) Hemolysis
5. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for anaphylaxis?
A) Type II
B) Type III
C) Type I (IgE-mediated)
D) Type IV
6. Which condition is characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous
system? A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Myasthenia gravis
D) Parkinson’s disease
7. What is the hallmark sign of left-sided heart failure?
A) Peripheral edema
B) Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
C) Jugular vein distension
D) Hepatomegaly
8. Which lab value is most indicative of liver dysfunction?
A) Elevated creatinine
B) Elevated ALT and AST
C) Elevated troponin
D) Elevated amylase
9. Which type of shock results from severe blood loss?
A) Cardiogenic shock
,B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Septic shock
D) Neurogenic shock
10. Which hormone regulates calcium levels by increasing bone resorption?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Insulin
D) Aldosterone
11. Which respiratory condition is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and
reversible obstruction?
A) COPD
B) Asthma
C) Pulmonary fibrosis
D) Tuberculosis
12. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with tetany and muscle spasms
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypernatremia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypermagnesemia
13. Which type of anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?
A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Aplastic anemia
, D) Hemolytic anemia
14. Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia?
A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Hypoglycemia
15. Which cardiac biomarker is most specific for myocardial infarction?
A) CK-MB
B) Troponin I/T
C) LDH
D) Myoglobin
16. Which disease is caused by deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia?
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Parkinson’s disease
C) Huntington’s disease
D) ALS
17. Which condition is characterized by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors?
A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) ALS
D) Parkinson’s disease
18. Which lab finding is most consistent with dehydration?
A) Low hematocrit
Nurses II Graded A+
1. Which cellular adaptation occurs when cells increase in size due to increased
workload? A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Dysplasia
D) Hypertrophy
2. What is the primary cause of hypoxemia in respiratory disorders?
A) Increased hemoglobin levels
B) Impaired gas exchange in alveoli
C) Excess oxygen delivery
D) Decreased cardiac output
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
A) Hypernatremia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypomagnesemia
4. In chronic kidney disease, anemia develops primarily due to:
A) Iron deficiency
B) Decreased erythropoietin production
C) Vitamin B12 deficiency
,D) Hemolysis
5. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for anaphylaxis?
A) Type II
B) Type III
C) Type I (IgE-mediated)
D) Type IV
6. Which condition is characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous
system? A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Myasthenia gravis
D) Parkinson’s disease
7. What is the hallmark sign of left-sided heart failure?
A) Peripheral edema
B) Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
C) Jugular vein distension
D) Hepatomegaly
8. Which lab value is most indicative of liver dysfunction?
A) Elevated creatinine
B) Elevated ALT and AST
C) Elevated troponin
D) Elevated amylase
9. Which type of shock results from severe blood loss?
A) Cardiogenic shock
,B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Septic shock
D) Neurogenic shock
10. Which hormone regulates calcium levels by increasing bone resorption?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Insulin
D) Aldosterone
11. Which respiratory condition is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and
reversible obstruction?
A) COPD
B) Asthma
C) Pulmonary fibrosis
D) Tuberculosis
12. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with tetany and muscle spasms
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypernatremia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hypermagnesemia
13. Which type of anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?
A) Iron-deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Aplastic anemia
, D) Hemolytic anemia
14. Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia?
A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Hypoglycemia
15. Which cardiac biomarker is most specific for myocardial infarction?
A) CK-MB
B) Troponin I/T
C) LDH
D) Myoglobin
16. Which disease is caused by deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia?
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Parkinson’s disease
C) Huntington’s disease
D) ALS
17. Which condition is characterized by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors?
A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) ALS
D) Parkinson’s disease
18. Which lab finding is most consistent with dehydration?
A) Low hematocrit
