BUAL 2600 EXAM 2 – GUPTA QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026
DEF: Information that can be expressed in statistical or numerical form - Answers -
Quantitative Data
How do we describe categorical variables? - Answers - Counting
T/F: We do not perform arithmetic operations on the values of categorical variables. -
Answers - True
What are some examples of Qualitative Data? - Answers - Gender
Zip Codes
Phone #
State of Origin
What are the steps in describing Qualitative Data? - Answers - Step 1: determine the
number of categories of the variable
Step 2: count the number of observations in each category
Step 3: Display the data in a graph
What are some types of graphs to show Qualitative Data? - Answers - Contingency
Table
Frequency Table
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
DEF: Type of graph used to show Qualitative Data that displays the distribution of one
categorical variable in rows and another categorical variable in columns and shows the
relationship between the two variables using frequencies or probabilities - Answers -
Contingency Table
DEF: The intersection of any row and any column in a table - Answers - Cell
What does the Cell provide in a Contingency Table? - Answers - the count (frequency)
for a combination of the two variables
What does the Marginal Frequency provide in a Contingency Table? - Answers - the
totals of each categorical variable
What does the Total provide in a Contingency Table? - Answers - The sum of the rows
OR sum of the columns but not both
, DEF: Type of graph used to show Qualitative Data that displays the distribution of a
categorical variable, showing the counts for each category next to each other for
comparison purposes - Answers - Bar Chart
DEF: Type of graph used to show Qualitative Data that displays all the categories of a
variable in a circle, with each category shown as a proportional sector of the circle -
Answers - Pie Chart
DEF: Any characteristics, number, or quantity that can be measured or counted -
Answers - Variable
DEF: information about qualities; information that can't actually be measured - Answers
- Qualitative Data
What are some examples of Quantitative Data? - Answers - The heights of players on a
football team
number of cars in each row of a parking lot
percent grade of students in a classroom
values of homes in a neighborhood
DEF: Type of graph used to show Quantitative Data that displays a 2D graph of two
quantitative variables where the independent variable is plotted on the x-axis and the
dependent variable on the y-axis - Answers - Scatter Plot
What are some characteristics of Scatter Plots? - Answers - Direction
Form
Strength
DEF: Type of characteristic of a Scatter Plot that shows whether the data points have a
positive or negative relationship - Answers - Direction
Data points that move in the same direction have a ________ relationship. - Answers -
Positive
Data points that move in the opposite direction have a ________ relationship. - Answers
- Negative
What type of relationship do data points have when the value of one variable increases,
the value of the other variable also increases - Answers - Positive Relationship
What type of relationship do data points have when the value of one variable increases,
the value of the other variable decreases? - Answers - Negative Relationship
DEF: Type of characteristic of a Scatter Plot that describes whether it is linear or
curvilinear - Answers - Form
ANSWERS 2026
DEF: Information that can be expressed in statistical or numerical form - Answers -
Quantitative Data
How do we describe categorical variables? - Answers - Counting
T/F: We do not perform arithmetic operations on the values of categorical variables. -
Answers - True
What are some examples of Qualitative Data? - Answers - Gender
Zip Codes
Phone #
State of Origin
What are the steps in describing Qualitative Data? - Answers - Step 1: determine the
number of categories of the variable
Step 2: count the number of observations in each category
Step 3: Display the data in a graph
What are some types of graphs to show Qualitative Data? - Answers - Contingency
Table
Frequency Table
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
DEF: Type of graph used to show Qualitative Data that displays the distribution of one
categorical variable in rows and another categorical variable in columns and shows the
relationship between the two variables using frequencies or probabilities - Answers -
Contingency Table
DEF: The intersection of any row and any column in a table - Answers - Cell
What does the Cell provide in a Contingency Table? - Answers - the count (frequency)
for a combination of the two variables
What does the Marginal Frequency provide in a Contingency Table? - Answers - the
totals of each categorical variable
What does the Total provide in a Contingency Table? - Answers - The sum of the rows
OR sum of the columns but not both
, DEF: Type of graph used to show Qualitative Data that displays the distribution of a
categorical variable, showing the counts for each category next to each other for
comparison purposes - Answers - Bar Chart
DEF: Type of graph used to show Qualitative Data that displays all the categories of a
variable in a circle, with each category shown as a proportional sector of the circle -
Answers - Pie Chart
DEF: Any characteristics, number, or quantity that can be measured or counted -
Answers - Variable
DEF: information about qualities; information that can't actually be measured - Answers
- Qualitative Data
What are some examples of Quantitative Data? - Answers - The heights of players on a
football team
number of cars in each row of a parking lot
percent grade of students in a classroom
values of homes in a neighborhood
DEF: Type of graph used to show Quantitative Data that displays a 2D graph of two
quantitative variables where the independent variable is plotted on the x-axis and the
dependent variable on the y-axis - Answers - Scatter Plot
What are some characteristics of Scatter Plots? - Answers - Direction
Form
Strength
DEF: Type of characteristic of a Scatter Plot that shows whether the data points have a
positive or negative relationship - Answers - Direction
Data points that move in the same direction have a ________ relationship. - Answers -
Positive
Data points that move in the opposite direction have a ________ relationship. - Answers
- Negative
What type of relationship do data points have when the value of one variable increases,
the value of the other variable also increases - Answers - Positive Relationship
What type of relationship do data points have when the value of one variable increases,
the value of the other variable decreases? - Answers - Negative Relationship
DEF: Type of characteristic of a Scatter Plot that describes whether it is linear or
curvilinear - Answers - Form
