NSG 3850 Assessment 2 (Pathophysiology for Nurses
II) Graded A+
Topics
Hematology & Coagulation Disorders
Respiratory & Oxygenation Alterations
Cardiac & Circulatory Disorders
Lymphatic & Fluid Disorders
1.What is thrombocytopenia?
Answer: Low platelet count
2.What are common manifestations of thrombocytopenia?
Answer: Petechiae, ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding, internal organ bleeding
3.What causes Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
Answer: Autoimmune IgG antibodies against platelet antigens
4.What happens to clot formation in hemophilia?
Answer: Fibrin clot is insufficient and breaks down
5.Which bleeding disorder is the most common inherited type?
Answer: von Willebrand Disease (vWD)
6.What lab findings are typical in hemophilia?
Answer: Prolonged aPTT, normal platelet count
7.What ABG pattern is seen in COPD exacerbation?
Answer: Respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35, CO₂ retention)
8.What is the pathophysiology of hypoventilation?
Answer: Reduced alveolar ventilation → CO₂ retention → respiratory acidosis
9.What is the hallmark of pulmonary embolism?
Answer: Sudden dyspnea, chest pain, hypoxemia
10.What defines ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)?
Answer: Severe hypoxemia refractory to oxygen therapy
11.What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
Answer: Ischemic heart disease due to coronary artery narrowing/atherosclerosis
, 12.What are complications of hypertension?
Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, renal damage
13.What are hallmark symptoms of heart failure?
Answer: Dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention (edema, pulmonary congestion)
14.What causes lymphedema?
Answer: Obstruction of normal lymph flow (surgery, venous obstruction)
15.What is the pathophysiology of edema?
Answer: Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure → fluid shifts into interstitial space
16.What is the primary function of inflammation?
Answer: To isolate and remove the injurious agent and damaged tissue
17.Which cells are the first responders in acute inflammation?
Answer: Neutrophils
17.What chemical mediator causes vasodilation in inflammation?
Answer: Histamine
19.What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?
Answer: Presence of macrophages and lymphocytes
20.Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
Answer: Type I (IgE-mediated)
21.Which hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex deposition?
Answer: Type III
22.Which hypersensitivity reaction is cell-mediated?
Answer: Type IV (delayed, T-cell mediated)
23.What is sepsis?
Answer: Systemic inflammatory response to infection leading to organ dysfunction
24.What is the hallmark of septic shock?
Answer: Persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation
25.Which pathogen causes tuberculosis?
Answer: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
26.What is the primary site of TB infection?
Answer: Lungs (pulmonary TB)
II) Graded A+
Topics
Hematology & Coagulation Disorders
Respiratory & Oxygenation Alterations
Cardiac & Circulatory Disorders
Lymphatic & Fluid Disorders
1.What is thrombocytopenia?
Answer: Low platelet count
2.What are common manifestations of thrombocytopenia?
Answer: Petechiae, ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding, internal organ bleeding
3.What causes Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
Answer: Autoimmune IgG antibodies against platelet antigens
4.What happens to clot formation in hemophilia?
Answer: Fibrin clot is insufficient and breaks down
5.Which bleeding disorder is the most common inherited type?
Answer: von Willebrand Disease (vWD)
6.What lab findings are typical in hemophilia?
Answer: Prolonged aPTT, normal platelet count
7.What ABG pattern is seen in COPD exacerbation?
Answer: Respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35, CO₂ retention)
8.What is the pathophysiology of hypoventilation?
Answer: Reduced alveolar ventilation → CO₂ retention → respiratory acidosis
9.What is the hallmark of pulmonary embolism?
Answer: Sudden dyspnea, chest pain, hypoxemia
10.What defines ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)?
Answer: Severe hypoxemia refractory to oxygen therapy
11.What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
Answer: Ischemic heart disease due to coronary artery narrowing/atherosclerosis
, 12.What are complications of hypertension?
Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, renal damage
13.What are hallmark symptoms of heart failure?
Answer: Dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention (edema, pulmonary congestion)
14.What causes lymphedema?
Answer: Obstruction of normal lymph flow (surgery, venous obstruction)
15.What is the pathophysiology of edema?
Answer: Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure → fluid shifts into interstitial space
16.What is the primary function of inflammation?
Answer: To isolate and remove the injurious agent and damaged tissue
17.Which cells are the first responders in acute inflammation?
Answer: Neutrophils
17.What chemical mediator causes vasodilation in inflammation?
Answer: Histamine
19.What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?
Answer: Presence of macrophages and lymphocytes
20.Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
Answer: Type I (IgE-mediated)
21.Which hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex deposition?
Answer: Type III
22.Which hypersensitivity reaction is cell-mediated?
Answer: Type IV (delayed, T-cell mediated)
23.What is sepsis?
Answer: Systemic inflammatory response to infection leading to organ dysfunction
24.What is the hallmark of septic shock?
Answer: Persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation
25.Which pathogen causes tuberculosis?
Answer: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
26.What is the primary site of TB infection?
Answer: Lungs (pulmonary TB)
