BUAL 2600 EXAM 2 – GRAMLING QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026
Measures Central Tendency - Answers - Mean, Median, Mode
Measures of Variation - Answers - STD Deviation & Variance; Range & IQR
Measures of Position - Answers - Quartiles, Percentiles, Z‐Scores
Central Tendency - Answers - A measure of central tendency represents the center or
middle of the data
Population Parameter - Answers - a number calculated from all the population
measurements that describes some aspect of the population
Population Mean (μ) - Answers - is average of the population measurements and most
of the time is unknown
Sample Statistic - Answers - a number calculated using the sample measurements that
describes some aspect of the sample
Sample Mean - Answers - (𝑥̅ or 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒) is the average of the sample data
Median - Answers - The value of the middle point of the ordered measurements.
For the Median data _________ in numerical order. - Answers - MUST BE
The mode measures what type of data? - Answers - -Qualitative data
-It is the ONLY Central tendency measure for qualitative data
Mode - Answers - The most frequent value for qualitative categories OR quantitative
single values
Outliers - Answers - -are measurements that are very different from other
measurements
-either much larger or much smaller than most of the other measurements
What type of outliers cause the data to be RIGHT SKEWED? - Answers - Outliers that
are much larger than majority of the other data points
What type of outliers cause the date to be LEFT SKEWED? - Answers - Outliers that
are much smaller than most of the other data points
, How do you find the mean? - Answers -
How do you find the mode? - Answers -
How do you find the median? - Answers -
Left or Negatively Skewed Date - Answers -
Normal Distribution - Answers -
Right or Positively Skewed - Answers -
Starting Here Based off Exam Review - Answers -
Reports - Answers - -Static Visuals or Graphs
-Offers snapshot of historic data
-Can be produced using Microsoft Office (e.g Word or Excel)
Dashboard - Answers - -Dynamic (interactive)
-Includes multiple data points/datasets on the present (real time)
-Can include tracking in real time
-Requires special software
What is a Dashboard? - Answers - A Data Visualization Tool customized and tailored to
what a business needs to see
What does a Dashboard allow businesses to do? - Answers - visualize key performance
indicators, track their business operations by the minute, daily, or over time
What is a Business Intelligence (BI) Dashboard? - Answers - -A special type of
Dashboard in business
-displays on a single screen the status of business metrics, key performance indicators
and other important data points for an organization or team, or a business process
What to look for on a dashboard? - Answers - -Provide dynamic, real-time, real-world
view of the data with timely data refreshes; enables user to stay up to date of recent
changes in the business
-Visuals (e.g. charts, performance bars, gauges, meters) to highlight at a glance the
data trends, tracking over time, or outstanding points
-Think about the panel in your vehicle (gas level, mileage, tire pressure)•
-Transparent to the user - require minimal training to use (no programming)
-Data from a variety of sources into a single, summarized, unified snapshot of the
business
-Enable user to "drill-down" to underlying data sources or reports to provide more
detailExamples
ANSWERS 2026
Measures Central Tendency - Answers - Mean, Median, Mode
Measures of Variation - Answers - STD Deviation & Variance; Range & IQR
Measures of Position - Answers - Quartiles, Percentiles, Z‐Scores
Central Tendency - Answers - A measure of central tendency represents the center or
middle of the data
Population Parameter - Answers - a number calculated from all the population
measurements that describes some aspect of the population
Population Mean (μ) - Answers - is average of the population measurements and most
of the time is unknown
Sample Statistic - Answers - a number calculated using the sample measurements that
describes some aspect of the sample
Sample Mean - Answers - (𝑥̅ or 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒) is the average of the sample data
Median - Answers - The value of the middle point of the ordered measurements.
For the Median data _________ in numerical order. - Answers - MUST BE
The mode measures what type of data? - Answers - -Qualitative data
-It is the ONLY Central tendency measure for qualitative data
Mode - Answers - The most frequent value for qualitative categories OR quantitative
single values
Outliers - Answers - -are measurements that are very different from other
measurements
-either much larger or much smaller than most of the other measurements
What type of outliers cause the data to be RIGHT SKEWED? - Answers - Outliers that
are much larger than majority of the other data points
What type of outliers cause the date to be LEFT SKEWED? - Answers - Outliers that
are much smaller than most of the other data points
, How do you find the mean? - Answers -
How do you find the mode? - Answers -
How do you find the median? - Answers -
Left or Negatively Skewed Date - Answers -
Normal Distribution - Answers -
Right or Positively Skewed - Answers -
Starting Here Based off Exam Review - Answers -
Reports - Answers - -Static Visuals or Graphs
-Offers snapshot of historic data
-Can be produced using Microsoft Office (e.g Word or Excel)
Dashboard - Answers - -Dynamic (interactive)
-Includes multiple data points/datasets on the present (real time)
-Can include tracking in real time
-Requires special software
What is a Dashboard? - Answers - A Data Visualization Tool customized and tailored to
what a business needs to see
What does a Dashboard allow businesses to do? - Answers - visualize key performance
indicators, track their business operations by the minute, daily, or over time
What is a Business Intelligence (BI) Dashboard? - Answers - -A special type of
Dashboard in business
-displays on a single screen the status of business metrics, key performance indicators
and other important data points for an organization or team, or a business process
What to look for on a dashboard? - Answers - -Provide dynamic, real-time, real-world
view of the data with timely data refreshes; enables user to stay up to date of recent
changes in the business
-Visuals (e.g. charts, performance bars, gauges, meters) to highlight at a glance the
data trends, tracking over time, or outstanding points
-Think about the panel in your vehicle (gas level, mileage, tire pressure)•
-Transparent to the user - require minimal training to use (no programming)
-Data from a variety of sources into a single, summarized, unified snapshot of the
business
-Enable user to "drill-down" to underlying data sources or reports to provide more
detailExamples
