BUAL 2600 EXAM 1 CHEN YAN QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026
Data - Answers - facts and figures from which conclusions can be drawn
Data Set - Answers - the data that are collected for a particular study
Data set elements - Answers - May be people, objects events or other enteries
Variable - Answers - any characteristic of an element
Quantitative Variable - Answers - the possible measurements of the values of a variable
are numbers that represent quantities
Qualitative Variable - Answers - the possible measurements fall into several categories
What is qualitative variable called? - Answers - Categorical
Quantitative features - Answers - Numeric
How many and how much
Mathematical operations are meaningful
Qualtitative features - Answers - Labels or names used to identify and attribute of each
element
Either numeric or nonnumeric
Appropriate statistical analyses are rather limited
Categorical Variable
Cross-sectional data - Answers - data collected at the same or approximately the same
point in time
Time series data - Answers - data collected over different time periods
What is the difference between Time series data and Cross-sectional data - Answers -
The point in time where data has been collected
Population - Answers - A set of all elements bout which we wish to draw conclusions
Sample - Answers - a subset of the elements of a population
Where do samples come from? - Answers - Populations
Non-Probaility Sampling method - Answers -
, non-probability sampling method - Answers - Convenience sampling, Voluntary
sampling, Judgement sampling
probability sampling - Answers - sampling where we know the chance that each
element in the population will be included in the sample
Probability Sampling method - Answers - Required for statistical inference, Cluster,
Systematic, Stratified
convenience sampling - Answers - sampling where we select elements because they
are convenient to sample
Voluntary Response sampling - Answers - samples in which participants self-select
Judgement Sampling - Answers - samples in which a person who is extremely
knowledgeable about the population selects population elements he or she feels are
most representative
Nominative - Answers - a qualitative variable for which there is no meaningful ordering,
or ranking, of the categories
Ordinal - Answers - A qualitative variable for which there is a meaningful ordering, or
ranking of the categories
Interval - Answers - Quantitative Variable ex. temperature
Ratio - Answers - The quantitative variable which compares items.
Stratified random sample - Answers - divide population into non-overlapping groups
(strata) then select a random sample from each strata
Multistage cluster sampling - Answers - divide population into clusters and then
randomly select clusters to sample
systematic sampling - Answers - list population, select random starting point, sample
each nth element
Types of questions - Answers - Dichotomous, Multiple Choice, Open ended
dichotomous questions - Answers - clearly stated, easy to answer, easy to analyze,
limited information
multiple choice questions - Answers - allow more than two responses, usually analyzed
with averages
ANSWERS 2026
Data - Answers - facts and figures from which conclusions can be drawn
Data Set - Answers - the data that are collected for a particular study
Data set elements - Answers - May be people, objects events or other enteries
Variable - Answers - any characteristic of an element
Quantitative Variable - Answers - the possible measurements of the values of a variable
are numbers that represent quantities
Qualitative Variable - Answers - the possible measurements fall into several categories
What is qualitative variable called? - Answers - Categorical
Quantitative features - Answers - Numeric
How many and how much
Mathematical operations are meaningful
Qualtitative features - Answers - Labels or names used to identify and attribute of each
element
Either numeric or nonnumeric
Appropriate statistical analyses are rather limited
Categorical Variable
Cross-sectional data - Answers - data collected at the same or approximately the same
point in time
Time series data - Answers - data collected over different time periods
What is the difference between Time series data and Cross-sectional data - Answers -
The point in time where data has been collected
Population - Answers - A set of all elements bout which we wish to draw conclusions
Sample - Answers - a subset of the elements of a population
Where do samples come from? - Answers - Populations
Non-Probaility Sampling method - Answers -
, non-probability sampling method - Answers - Convenience sampling, Voluntary
sampling, Judgement sampling
probability sampling - Answers - sampling where we know the chance that each
element in the population will be included in the sample
Probability Sampling method - Answers - Required for statistical inference, Cluster,
Systematic, Stratified
convenience sampling - Answers - sampling where we select elements because they
are convenient to sample
Voluntary Response sampling - Answers - samples in which participants self-select
Judgement Sampling - Answers - samples in which a person who is extremely
knowledgeable about the population selects population elements he or she feels are
most representative
Nominative - Answers - a qualitative variable for which there is no meaningful ordering,
or ranking, of the categories
Ordinal - Answers - A qualitative variable for which there is a meaningful ordering, or
ranking of the categories
Interval - Answers - Quantitative Variable ex. temperature
Ratio - Answers - The quantitative variable which compares items.
Stratified random sample - Answers - divide population into non-overlapping groups
(strata) then select a random sample from each strata
Multistage cluster sampling - Answers - divide population into clusters and then
randomly select clusters to sample
systematic sampling - Answers - list population, select random starting point, sample
each nth element
Types of questions - Answers - Dichotomous, Multiple Choice, Open ended
dichotomous questions - Answers - clearly stated, easy to answer, easy to analyze,
limited information
multiple choice questions - Answers - allow more than two responses, usually analyzed
with averages
