BPT2015 | BPT2015 Physiotherapy Exam 1
Version 1 | Questions with Correct Answers and
Expert Explanation for Each Question | Rajiv
Gandhi University of Health Sciences
1. Which of the following describes the standard anatomical position?
A. Lying supine with arms crossed
B. Standing erect, palms facing forward, feet together
C. Sitting with hands on knees
D. Standing with palms facing the thighs
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The anatomical position serves as a global reference point for
describing the human body. It requires the individual to stand upright with the head
facing forward and arms at the sides. Crucially, the palms must face forward to
ensure the radius and ulna are parallel. The feet are placed together and flat on the
ground to maintain a standardized baseline. Using this position prevents confusion
when identifying locations or movements during clinical assessments.
2. Flexion and extension primarily occur in which anatomical plane?
A. Sagittal plane
B. Transverse plane
,C. Frontal plane
D. Horizontal plane
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into
right and left portions. Movement in this plane typically involves forward or
backward motions relative to the body. Common examples of sagittal plane
movements include bending the elbow or nodding the head. It rotates around a
mediolateral axis that passes through the joint center. Understanding these planes is
vital for analyzing gait and general functional activities in physiotherapy.
3. In a first-class lever, where is the fulcrum located?
A. Above the resistance arm
B. At one end with the load in the middle
C. At one end with the effort in the middle
D. Between the effort and the load
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Levers are categorized based on the relative positions of the
fulcrum, effort, and load. A first-class lever has the fulcrum positioned between the
applied force and the resistance. An anatomical example of this is the atlanto-
,occipital joint acting as the pivot for head movement. This arrangement can provide
either a mechanical advantage or speed depending on the arm lengths. It is the most
common type of lever found in simple mechanical tools like scissors.
4. What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle length remains constant?
A. Concentric
B. Eccentric
C. Isotonic
D. Isometric
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Isometric contractions involve muscle tension development
without visible changes in joint angle. The internal force generated by the muscle
equals the external resistance applied to it. These exercises are often used in early
rehabilitation when joint motion is painful or contraindicated. They help maintain
muscle strength and prevent atrophy during periods of immobilization. Proper
breathing is essential during these contractions to avoid the Valsalva maneuver.
5. The center of gravity (COG) in a standing adult is typically located near which level?
A. C7 vertebra
B. T12 vertebra
, C. S2 vertebra
D. L4 vertebra
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The center of gravity is the theoretical point where the weight
of the body is concentrated. In humans, this point shifts slightly depending on body
shape, gender, and posture. For most adults in a neutral standing position, it lies just
anterior to the second sacral vertebra. Stability is maintained as long as the line of
gravity falls within the base of support. Physiotherapists evaluate COG changes to
assess fall risk and balance disorders.
6. Which instrument is most commonly used to measure joint range of motion?
A. Sphygmomanometer
B. Dynamometer
C. Stethoscope
D. Goniometer
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: A goniometer is a specialized tool designed to measure the
angles of human joints. It consists of a stationary arm, a moving arm, and a circular
protractor. Accurate measurement requires aligning the axis of the goniometer with
Version 1 | Questions with Correct Answers and
Expert Explanation for Each Question | Rajiv
Gandhi University of Health Sciences
1. Which of the following describes the standard anatomical position?
A. Lying supine with arms crossed
B. Standing erect, palms facing forward, feet together
C. Sitting with hands on knees
D. Standing with palms facing the thighs
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The anatomical position serves as a global reference point for
describing the human body. It requires the individual to stand upright with the head
facing forward and arms at the sides. Crucially, the palms must face forward to
ensure the radius and ulna are parallel. The feet are placed together and flat on the
ground to maintain a standardized baseline. Using this position prevents confusion
when identifying locations or movements during clinical assessments.
2. Flexion and extension primarily occur in which anatomical plane?
A. Sagittal plane
B. Transverse plane
,C. Frontal plane
D. Horizontal plane
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into
right and left portions. Movement in this plane typically involves forward or
backward motions relative to the body. Common examples of sagittal plane
movements include bending the elbow or nodding the head. It rotates around a
mediolateral axis that passes through the joint center. Understanding these planes is
vital for analyzing gait and general functional activities in physiotherapy.
3. In a first-class lever, where is the fulcrum located?
A. Above the resistance arm
B. At one end with the load in the middle
C. At one end with the effort in the middle
D. Between the effort and the load
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Levers are categorized based on the relative positions of the
fulcrum, effort, and load. A first-class lever has the fulcrum positioned between the
applied force and the resistance. An anatomical example of this is the atlanto-
,occipital joint acting as the pivot for head movement. This arrangement can provide
either a mechanical advantage or speed depending on the arm lengths. It is the most
common type of lever found in simple mechanical tools like scissors.
4. What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle length remains constant?
A. Concentric
B. Eccentric
C. Isotonic
D. Isometric
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Isometric contractions involve muscle tension development
without visible changes in joint angle. The internal force generated by the muscle
equals the external resistance applied to it. These exercises are often used in early
rehabilitation when joint motion is painful or contraindicated. They help maintain
muscle strength and prevent atrophy during periods of immobilization. Proper
breathing is essential during these contractions to avoid the Valsalva maneuver.
5. The center of gravity (COG) in a standing adult is typically located near which level?
A. C7 vertebra
B. T12 vertebra
, C. S2 vertebra
D. L4 vertebra
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The center of gravity is the theoretical point where the weight
of the body is concentrated. In humans, this point shifts slightly depending on body
shape, gender, and posture. For most adults in a neutral standing position, it lies just
anterior to the second sacral vertebra. Stability is maintained as long as the line of
gravity falls within the base of support. Physiotherapists evaluate COG changes to
assess fall risk and balance disorders.
6. Which instrument is most commonly used to measure joint range of motion?
A. Sphygmomanometer
B. Dynamometer
C. Stethoscope
D. Goniometer
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: A goniometer is a specialized tool designed to measure the
angles of human joints. It consists of a stationary arm, a moving arm, and a circular
protractor. Accurate measurement requires aligning the axis of the goniometer with
