NURSING FOUNDATIONS NFDN 2008
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
1. Which action is the most effective way to prevent the spread of
microorganisms?
A. Performing hand hygiene
B. Wearing gloves for all patient contact
C. Using masks in patient rooms
D. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hand hygiene is documented as the most effective method for
preventing the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings.
2. The Braden Scale is used to assess which of the following risks?
A. Risk for falls
B. Risk for pressure injury development
C. Risk for deep vein thrombosis
D. Risk for medication errors
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The Braden Scale evaluates six categories (sensory perception,
moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction/shear) to determine a patient’s risk for
pressure ulcers.
,3. Which phase of the nursing process involves the collection of subjective and
objective data?
A. Planning
B. Implementation
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process, where the
nurse gathers systematic data regarding the patient’s health status.
4. A patient complains of chest pain. This is an example of which type of data?
A. Objective data
B. Tertiary data
C. Secondary data
D. Subjective data
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Subjective data are the patient’s verbal descriptions of their
health problems, such as pain or feelings.
5. When measuring blood pressure, what is the consequence of using a cuff that
is too narrow?
A. The diastolic pressure will not be audible
B. The reading will be falsely low
C. The reading will be accurate
D. The reading will be falsely high
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A blood pressure cuff that is too small or narrow will result in a
falsely elevated blood pressure reading.
, 6. Which position is most appropriate for a patient experiencing respiratory
distress?
A. Supine
B. Prone
C. Sims’ position
D. High-Fowler’s
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: High-Fowler’s position (head of bed at 60-90 degrees) promotes
maximum chest expansion and eases breathing.
7. In the SBAR communication tool, what does the ‘R’ stand for?
A. Response
B. Recommendation
C. Reporting
D. Review
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and
Recommendation, used to standardize communication among healthcare professionals.
8. Which vital sign should be assessed first if a nurse suspects a patient is
experiencing a systemic infection?
A. Blood pressure
B. Respiratory rate
C. Body temperature
D. Oxygen saturation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Fever is a hallmark sign of systemic infection, making
temperature a priority assessment.
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
1. Which action is the most effective way to prevent the spread of
microorganisms?
A. Performing hand hygiene
B. Wearing gloves for all patient contact
C. Using masks in patient rooms
D. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hand hygiene is documented as the most effective method for
preventing the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings.
2. The Braden Scale is used to assess which of the following risks?
A. Risk for falls
B. Risk for pressure injury development
C. Risk for deep vein thrombosis
D. Risk for medication errors
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The Braden Scale evaluates six categories (sensory perception,
moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction/shear) to determine a patient’s risk for
pressure ulcers.
,3. Which phase of the nursing process involves the collection of subjective and
objective data?
A. Planning
B. Implementation
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process, where the
nurse gathers systematic data regarding the patient’s health status.
4. A patient complains of chest pain. This is an example of which type of data?
A. Objective data
B. Tertiary data
C. Secondary data
D. Subjective data
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Subjective data are the patient’s verbal descriptions of their
health problems, such as pain or feelings.
5. When measuring blood pressure, what is the consequence of using a cuff that
is too narrow?
A. The diastolic pressure will not be audible
B. The reading will be falsely low
C. The reading will be accurate
D. The reading will be falsely high
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A blood pressure cuff that is too small or narrow will result in a
falsely elevated blood pressure reading.
, 6. Which position is most appropriate for a patient experiencing respiratory
distress?
A. Supine
B. Prone
C. Sims’ position
D. High-Fowler’s
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: High-Fowler’s position (head of bed at 60-90 degrees) promotes
maximum chest expansion and eases breathing.
7. In the SBAR communication tool, what does the ‘R’ stand for?
A. Response
B. Recommendation
C. Reporting
D. Review
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and
Recommendation, used to standardize communication among healthcare professionals.
8. Which vital sign should be assessed first if a nurse suspects a patient is
experiencing a systemic infection?
A. Blood pressure
B. Respiratory rate
C. Body temperature
D. Oxygen saturation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Fever is a hallmark sign of systemic infection, making
temperature a priority assessment.
