NURS 6501 MIDTERM EXAM version 1-2-3-4
WALDEN UNIVERSITY 2025/2026 LATEST VERSION
2025/2026 ]{A+} EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ( 100%verified answers) Q & A 2026
/INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Pancreatic infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic
beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
2. Which lab finding is most consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. High serum bicarbonate
C. Low arterial pH
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: C
Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis with decreased arterial pH due to ketone
production.
3. The primary effect of ACE inhibitors is:
,A. Vasoconstriction
B. Decreased aldosterone secretion
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased sodium retention
Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II, lowering aldosterone secretion and
blood pressure.
4. Which condition is associated with S3 heart sound in adults?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Heart failure
C. Hypertension
D. Pericarditis
Answer: B
Rationale: S3 indicates volume overload and is commonly seen in heart failure.
5. The hallmark of nephrotic syndrome is:
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
C. Hypokalemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Heavy protein loss in urine is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is most dangerous in hyperkalemia?
A. Cardiac arrhythmias
B. Muscle cramps only
, C. Hypertension
D. Hyperactivity
Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
7. Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Aldosterone
D. Oxytocin
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis.
8. COPD is primarily characterized by:
A. Reversible airway obstruction
B. Chronic airflow limitation
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pleural effusion
Answer: B
Rationale: COPD causes irreversible airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation.
9. Which acid-base disorder is seen in severe vomiting?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
WALDEN UNIVERSITY 2025/2026 LATEST VERSION
2025/2026 ]{A+} EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ( 100%verified answers) Q & A 2026
/INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Pancreatic infection
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic
beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
2. Which lab finding is most consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. High serum bicarbonate
C. Low arterial pH
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: C
Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis with decreased arterial pH due to ketone
production.
3. The primary effect of ACE inhibitors is:
,A. Vasoconstriction
B. Decreased aldosterone secretion
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased sodium retention
Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II, lowering aldosterone secretion and
blood pressure.
4. Which condition is associated with S3 heart sound in adults?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Heart failure
C. Hypertension
D. Pericarditis
Answer: B
Rationale: S3 indicates volume overload and is commonly seen in heart failure.
5. The hallmark of nephrotic syndrome is:
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
C. Hypokalemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Heavy protein loss in urine is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is most dangerous in hyperkalemia?
A. Cardiac arrhythmias
B. Muscle cramps only
, C. Hypertension
D. Hyperactivity
Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
7. Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Aldosterone
D. Oxytocin
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis.
8. COPD is primarily characterized by:
A. Reversible airway obstruction
B. Chronic airflow limitation
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pleural effusion
Answer: B
Rationale: COPD causes irreversible airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation.
9. Which acid-base disorder is seen in severe vomiting?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
