NSG 530 Exam 1,ADVANCED
PATHOPYSIOLOGY,ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY,MSN FNP,2025-2026,WALDEN,
SHU,CHAMBERLAIN,TESTBANK QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 100+ QUIZ &ANS | CELLULAR PATHO
,GENETICS IMMUNITY
What happens during interphase?
A. Chromosomes separate
B. DNA replication and cell growth
C. Cell death
D. Cytokinesis only
Answer: B
Rationale: Interphase is the longest phase where the cell grows and replicates DNA in
preparation for mitosis.
What occurs in prophase?
A. Chromosomes line up in center
B. Sister chromatids separate
C. Chromosomes first become visible
D. Nuclear membrane reforms
Answer: C
Rationale: In prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase?
A. Chromosomes move to poles
B. Chromosomes align in middle of cell
C. Nuclear membrane disappears
D. Cell divides
, Answer: B
Rationale: Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate before separation.
What occurs in anaphase?
A. Chromosomes condense
B. Chromatids separate to opposite poles
C. DNA replicates
D. Nucleus reforms
Answer: B
Rationale: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
What is telophase?
A. DNA replication
B. Nuclear membrane reforms
C. Chromosomes condense
D. Spindle formation
Answer: B
Rationale: New nuclear membranes form around separated chromosome sets.
What is nondisjunction?
A. DNA repair
B. Chromosome failure to separate
C. Cell division success
D. Mutation repair
Answer: B
Rationale: Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly in meiosis.
What is Down syndrome?
A. Trisomy 18
B. Trisomy 21
, C. Monosomy X
D. XXY
Answer: B
Rationale: Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21.
What causes cystic fibrosis?
A. X-linked mutation
B. CFTR gene mutation
C. Chromosome 21 trisomy
D. Mitochondrial defect
Answer: B
Rationale: CF is an autosomal recessive CFTR mutation causing thick secretions.
What is Turner syndrome?
A. XXY
B. XO
C. Trisomy 21
D. XYY
Answer: B
Rationale: Turner syndrome is monosomy X affecting females.
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A. XO
B. XXY
C. Trisomy 21
D. XXX
Answer: B
Rationale: Klinefelter syndrome occurs in males with an extra X chromosome.
What is Huntington’s disease inheritance pattern?
, A. Autosomal recessive
B. Autosomal dominant
C. X-linked recessive
D. Mitochondrial
Answer: B
Rationale: Huntington’s is autosomal dominant with late onset.
CELL ADAPTATION
What is hypertrophy?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Increase in cell size
C. Decrease in cell size
D. Cell death
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases tissue size by enlarging existing cells.
What is hyperplasia?
A. Increase in cell size
B. Increase in cell number
C. Cell shrinkage
D. Cancer only
Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia increases number of cells (e.g., uterine lining growth).
What is metaplasia?
A. Cancer transformation
B. Reversible change of one cell type to another
C. Cell death
D. Permanent mutation
PATHOPYSIOLOGY,ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY,MSN FNP,2025-2026,WALDEN,
SHU,CHAMBERLAIN,TESTBANK QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 100+ QUIZ &ANS | CELLULAR PATHO
,GENETICS IMMUNITY
What happens during interphase?
A. Chromosomes separate
B. DNA replication and cell growth
C. Cell death
D. Cytokinesis only
Answer: B
Rationale: Interphase is the longest phase where the cell grows and replicates DNA in
preparation for mitosis.
What occurs in prophase?
A. Chromosomes line up in center
B. Sister chromatids separate
C. Chromosomes first become visible
D. Nuclear membrane reforms
Answer: C
Rationale: In prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase?
A. Chromosomes move to poles
B. Chromosomes align in middle of cell
C. Nuclear membrane disappears
D. Cell divides
, Answer: B
Rationale: Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate before separation.
What occurs in anaphase?
A. Chromosomes condense
B. Chromatids separate to opposite poles
C. DNA replicates
D. Nucleus reforms
Answer: B
Rationale: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
What is telophase?
A. DNA replication
B. Nuclear membrane reforms
C. Chromosomes condense
D. Spindle formation
Answer: B
Rationale: New nuclear membranes form around separated chromosome sets.
What is nondisjunction?
A. DNA repair
B. Chromosome failure to separate
C. Cell division success
D. Mutation repair
Answer: B
Rationale: Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly in meiosis.
What is Down syndrome?
A. Trisomy 18
B. Trisomy 21
, C. Monosomy X
D. XXY
Answer: B
Rationale: Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21.
What causes cystic fibrosis?
A. X-linked mutation
B. CFTR gene mutation
C. Chromosome 21 trisomy
D. Mitochondrial defect
Answer: B
Rationale: CF is an autosomal recessive CFTR mutation causing thick secretions.
What is Turner syndrome?
A. XXY
B. XO
C. Trisomy 21
D. XYY
Answer: B
Rationale: Turner syndrome is monosomy X affecting females.
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A. XO
B. XXY
C. Trisomy 21
D. XXX
Answer: B
Rationale: Klinefelter syndrome occurs in males with an extra X chromosome.
What is Huntington’s disease inheritance pattern?
, A. Autosomal recessive
B. Autosomal dominant
C. X-linked recessive
D. Mitochondrial
Answer: B
Rationale: Huntington’s is autosomal dominant with late onset.
CELL ADAPTATION
What is hypertrophy?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Increase in cell size
C. Decrease in cell size
D. Cell death
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases tissue size by enlarging existing cells.
What is hyperplasia?
A. Increase in cell size
B. Increase in cell number
C. Cell shrinkage
D. Cancer only
Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia increases number of cells (e.g., uterine lining growth).
What is metaplasia?
A. Cancer transformation
B. Reversible change of one cell type to another
C. Cell death
D. Permanent mutation
