NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide Questions
With Correct Answers
What is nephrolithiasis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-renal calculi (kidney stones)
| | | | | | | |
How does Renal calculi form? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-formed d/t elevated levels
| | | | | | | | | | |
of minerals in the body
| | | |
What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-calcium
| | | | | | | | | | |
oxalate (most common),
| | |
phosphate |
uric acid
|
struvite
cystine
Urolithiasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-stone in the bladder
| | | | | |
Ureterolithiasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-condition of stones in the ureter
| | | | | | | |
Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Male, 20-
| | | | | | | | | |
50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake.
| | | | | | | |
-complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection), CKD
| | | | | | |
,Classic Kidney stone presentation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-acute onset of severe,
| | | | | | | | | |
colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity.
| | | | | | | | |
Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can cause n/v.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
| | | | | | | |
history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | |
Irritative Bladder symptoms -dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating), urgency, &
| | | | | | | | | |
frequency
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity
| | | | | | | | | |
Radiation of pain into the groin
| | | | | |
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness | | | |
Hematuria |
Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable
| | | |
CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located where? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction & spasm
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in the groin region? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the stone has | | | | | | | | | | |
passed into the lower third of the ureter
| | | | | | |
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity means the stone is
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
located where? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-stones in renal pelvis
| | | | | | | |
,Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or flank pain: - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) | |
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) | |
Ectopic pregnancy|
Ovarian or testicular torsion
| | |
Appendicitis
Bowel obstruction
|
Diverticulitis
Rupture of aortic aneurysm
| | |
Right lower abdominal tenderness with a +Blumberg sign. What should be
| | | | | | | | | | |
suspected? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness in the
| | | | | | | | |
RLQ, caused by acute peritonitis.
| | | |
*Appendicitis
What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-UA
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
dipstick, urine microscopy and urine C&S
| | | | |
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) to assess renal function.
| | | | | | | | | | |
What radiology methods are preferred for outpatient treatment and why -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more practical
| | | | | | | |
-KUB xray
|
-Renal Ultrasound
|
What stones can be seen on a KUB?
| | | | | | |
, What stone can you not see on a KUB - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CAN see: Calcium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
oxalate - most common type of stone
| | | | | |
CANNOT see: uric acid stones (radio translucent)
| | | | | |
What is a Renal Ultrasound used for when testing for kidney stones? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-good for assessing for hydronephrosis (excess fluid in the kidney d/t | | | | | | | | | |
back up of urine that can be caused by an obstruction). Bad for identifying a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
stone.
What is the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing a kidney stone? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Non-contrast CT scan. | |
Goal of renal calculi treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-focused on symptomatic
| | | | | | | | | |
relief
pain medications -NSAID or narcs
| | | |
antiemetics -n/v |
facilitate stone passage-Thiazide diuretics, alpha-blockers or calcium channel
| | | | | | | |
blockers to help facilitate the passage of a stone. Terazosin -alpha blockers used
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
for BPH.
|
<5 mm renal calculi can - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-be passed through the urine.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
may only require NSAIDs for management.
| | | | |
>5 mm renal calculi requires what? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-urology consult.
| | | | | | | | |
this may cause an obstruction or kidney failure.
| | | | | | |
this type of stone may need surgical intervention to be removed.
| | | | | | | | | |
With Correct Answers
What is nephrolithiasis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-renal calculi (kidney stones)
| | | | | | | |
How does Renal calculi form? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-formed d/t elevated levels
| | | | | | | | | | |
of minerals in the body
| | | |
What minerals in excess can cause renal calculi? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-calcium
| | | | | | | | | | |
oxalate (most common),
| | |
phosphate |
uric acid
|
struvite
cystine
Urolithiasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-stone in the bladder
| | | | | |
Ureterolithiasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-condition of stones in the ureter
| | | | | | | |
Risk Factor & complications of renal calculi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Male, 20-
| | | | | | | | | |
50yo, previous stones, obesity, HTN, diabetes, low fluid intake.
| | | | | | | |
-complications of stones: obstructions, pyelonephritis (kidney infection), CKD
| | | | | | |
,Classic Kidney stone presentation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-acute onset of severe,
| | | | | | | | | |
colicky flank pain that wax and wane in intensity.
| | | | | | | | |
Severe pain is associated with the movement of the stone and can cause n/v.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
| | | | | | | |
history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | |
Irritative Bladder symptoms -dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating), urgency, &
| | | | | | | | | |
frequency
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity
| | | | | | | | | |
Radiation of pain into the groin
| | | | | |
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness | | | |
Hematuria |
Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely uncomfortable
| | | |
CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located where? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
caused by passing of the stone through the ureter with obstruction & spasm
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Where is the stone located if the patient has pain in the groin region? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-pain that radiates downward into the groin indicates the stone has | | | | | | | | | | |
passed into the lower third of the ureter
| | | | | | |
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with increasing intensity means the stone is
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
located where? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-stones in renal pelvis
| | | | | | | |
,Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or flank pain: - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) | |
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) | |
Ectopic pregnancy|
Ovarian or testicular torsion
| | |
Appendicitis
Bowel obstruction
|
Diverticulitis
Rupture of aortic aneurysm
| | |
Right lower abdominal tenderness with a +Blumberg sign. What should be
| | | | | | | | | | |
suspected? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness in the
| | | | | | | | |
RLQ, caused by acute peritonitis.
| | | |
*Appendicitis
What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-UA
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
dipstick, urine microscopy and urine C&S
| | | | |
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) to assess renal function.
| | | | | | | | | | |
What radiology methods are preferred for outpatient treatment and why -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more practical
| | | | | | | |
-KUB xray
|
-Renal Ultrasound
|
What stones can be seen on a KUB?
| | | | | | |
, What stone can you not see on a KUB - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CAN see: Calcium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
oxalate - most common type of stone
| | | | | |
CANNOT see: uric acid stones (radio translucent)
| | | | | |
What is a Renal Ultrasound used for when testing for kidney stones? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-good for assessing for hydronephrosis (excess fluid in the kidney d/t | | | | | | | | | |
back up of urine that can be caused by an obstruction). Bad for identifying a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
stone.
What is the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing a kidney stone? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Non-contrast CT scan. | |
Goal of renal calculi treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-focused on symptomatic
| | | | | | | | | |
relief
pain medications -NSAID or narcs
| | | |
antiemetics -n/v |
facilitate stone passage-Thiazide diuretics, alpha-blockers or calcium channel
| | | | | | | |
blockers to help facilitate the passage of a stone. Terazosin -alpha blockers used
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
for BPH.
|
<5 mm renal calculi can - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-be passed through the urine.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
may only require NSAIDs for management.
| | | | |
>5 mm renal calculi requires what? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-urology consult.
| | | | | | | | |
this may cause an obstruction or kidney failure.
| | | | | | |
this type of stone may need surgical intervention to be removed.
| | | | | | | | | |
