AND EVIDENCE EXAM 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL
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PROPOSITIONS - Correct Answer-Are statements that can be true or false
NON-PROPOSITONS - Correct Answer-Are sentences that are not
statements about matters of fact or fiction. They do not make a claim that
can be true or false.
SIMPLE PROPOSITIONS - Correct Answer-Have no internal logic
structure, meaning whether they are true or false does not depend on
whether a part of them is true or false. They are simply true or false on their
own. (Example: Harry Potter wears glasses. The sky is blue.)
COMPLEX PROPOSITIONS - Correct Answer-Have internal logic
structure, meaning they are composed of simple propositions. Whether
they are true or false depends on whether their parts are true or false.
(Example: The sky is blue, but it does not look blue to me right now. The
cat ate the food, but he did not like it. The GDP of Canada is either $3
trillion or $12 trillion.)
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,Words used to identify Independent Propositions - Correct Answer-AND,
OR, EITHER, BUT, IF, THEN.
CONCLUSION INDICATORS - Correct Answer-THEREFORE, SO, IT
FOLLOWS THAT, HENCE, THUS, ENTAILS THAT, WE MAY CONCLUDE
THAT, IMPLIES THAT, WHEREFORE, AND AS A RESULT.
PREMISE INDICATORS - Correct Answer-BECAUSE, FOR, GIVEN THAT,
AS, SINCE, AS INDICATED BY.
DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS - Correct Answer-Arguments where the
premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion.
-mathematical arguments, logical arguments, arguments from definition.
INDUCTION ARGUMENTS - Correct Answer-Arguments where the
premises make the conclusion probable.
-analogies, authority, causal inferences, extrapolations, etc.
INFERENCE TO THE BEST EXPLANATION OR ABDUCTION - Correct
Answer-Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the
correct explanation.
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, FORMAL FALLACY - Correct Answer-Concerns the structure of an
argument
INFORMAL FALLACY - Correct Answer-Concerns the informational
content of an argument
A FORMAL FALLACY IS A TYPE OF - Correct Answer-Bad Argument
Structure
Which piece of information would be the most helpful to know in assessing
the credibility of a news story? - Correct Answer-Whether the name of the
author and the publication are identified
Which questions are most appropriate for evaluating the credibility of an
information source? - Correct Answer-Who funded it? & Does it try to get
you to distrust other sources?
While researching a topic on the internet, a student encounters two
different websites, one of that looks more official than the other and
includes tables, charts, and statistics, while the other does not.
What is the line of reasoning this student should employ to determine which
site is more credible? - Correct Answer-It is not feasible to determine which
site is more credible from the information provided.
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