PHARMACOLOGY FINAL SPRING EXAMINATION -
2025/2026|ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIBACTERIAL
MEDICATIONS
Mechanisms of Action, Spectrum of Activity, Adverse Effects and
Clinical Nursing Application
Antibiotic/Antibacterial Medications
1. Tetracyclines (-cycline): doxycycline, tetracycline
2. Sulfonamides (sulf-): sulfasalazine
3. Cephalosporins (-cef, ceph-): cefazolin, cephalexin
4. Penicillins (-cillin): ampicillin, oxacillin
5. Aminoglycosides/Macrolides (-micin, -mycin): gentamicin, erythromycin
6. Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin): ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Antiviral Medications
1. Antiviral Undefined Group (vir-, -vir): oseltamivir, zanamivir
2. Antiviral Anti-Herpes Virus Agents (-clovir): acyclovir, famiciclovir
3. Antiretrovirals Protease Inhibitors (-navir): atazanavir, nelfinavir
4. HIV/AIDS (-vudine): zidovudine, stavudine
Antifungal Medications
1. Antifungal (-azole): fluconazole, voriconazole
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,Anesthetics/Anti-Anxiety Medications
1. Local Anesthetics (-caine): lidocaine, bupivacaine
2. Barbiturates CNS Depressant (-barbital): amobarbital, secobarbital
3. Benzodiazepines for Anxiety/Sedation (-zolam, -zepam): alprazolam, lorazepam
Antidepressant Medications
1. SSRIs (-oxetine, -talopram, -zodone): fluoxetine, escitalopram, vilazodone
2. SNRIs/DNRIs (-faxine, -zodone, -nacipram): venlafaxine, nefaxodone, milnacipran
3. Tricyclic antidepressants TCAs (-triptyline, -pramine): amitriptyline, clomipramine
Analgesics/Opioid Medications
1. Opioids (-done, -one): oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, codeine
2. NSAIDs (-profen): ibuprofen, fenoprofen
3. Salicylates: aspirin
4. Nonsalicylates: acetaminophen
Upper Respiratory Medications
1. H1 Antagonists Second-Gen Antihistamines (-tadine, -tirizine): loratadine, desloratadine,
cetirizine, levoceirizine
2. Nasal decongestants (-ephrine, -zoline): phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline
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, Lower Respiratory Medications
1. Beta2-Agonists Brochodilators (-terol): albuterol, levalbuterol
2. Xathine Derivatives Bronchodilators (-phylline): aminophylline, dyphylline
3. Cholinergic blockers (-tropium): tiotropium
4. Immunomodulators/Leukotriene Modifiers (-zumab, -lukast): reslizumab, montelukast
Gastrointestinal Medications
1. Histamine H2 antagonists H2-Blockers (-tidine): cimetidine, famotidine
2. Proton Pump Inhibitors PPIs (-prazole): omeprazole, pantoprazole
Antidiabetic Medications
1. Thiazolidinedione (-glitazone): rosiglitazone, pioglitazone
2. Inhibitor of DPP-4 Enzyme (-gliptin): sitagliptin, linagliptin
Cardiac/Antihypertensive Medications
1. ACE inhibitors (-pril): enalapril, captopril
2. Beta-blockers (-olol): metoprolol, nadolol
3. Angiotensin ll receptor antagonists (-sartan): losartan, olmesartan
4. Calcium channel blockers (-pine, -amil): amlodipine, verapamil
5. Vasopressin receptor antagonists (-vaptan): conivaptan, tolvaptain
6. Alpha-1 blockers (-osin): prazosin, doxazosin
7. Loop diuretics (-ide, -semide): furosemide, bumetanide
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2025/2026|ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIBACTERIAL
MEDICATIONS
Mechanisms of Action, Spectrum of Activity, Adverse Effects and
Clinical Nursing Application
Antibiotic/Antibacterial Medications
1. Tetracyclines (-cycline): doxycycline, tetracycline
2. Sulfonamides (sulf-): sulfasalazine
3. Cephalosporins (-cef, ceph-): cefazolin, cephalexin
4. Penicillins (-cillin): ampicillin, oxacillin
5. Aminoglycosides/Macrolides (-micin, -mycin): gentamicin, erythromycin
6. Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin): ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Antiviral Medications
1. Antiviral Undefined Group (vir-, -vir): oseltamivir, zanamivir
2. Antiviral Anti-Herpes Virus Agents (-clovir): acyclovir, famiciclovir
3. Antiretrovirals Protease Inhibitors (-navir): atazanavir, nelfinavir
4. HIV/AIDS (-vudine): zidovudine, stavudine
Antifungal Medications
1. Antifungal (-azole): fluconazole, voriconazole
1|Page
,Anesthetics/Anti-Anxiety Medications
1. Local Anesthetics (-caine): lidocaine, bupivacaine
2. Barbiturates CNS Depressant (-barbital): amobarbital, secobarbital
3. Benzodiazepines for Anxiety/Sedation (-zolam, -zepam): alprazolam, lorazepam
Antidepressant Medications
1. SSRIs (-oxetine, -talopram, -zodone): fluoxetine, escitalopram, vilazodone
2. SNRIs/DNRIs (-faxine, -zodone, -nacipram): venlafaxine, nefaxodone, milnacipran
3. Tricyclic antidepressants TCAs (-triptyline, -pramine): amitriptyline, clomipramine
Analgesics/Opioid Medications
1. Opioids (-done, -one): oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, codeine
2. NSAIDs (-profen): ibuprofen, fenoprofen
3. Salicylates: aspirin
4. Nonsalicylates: acetaminophen
Upper Respiratory Medications
1. H1 Antagonists Second-Gen Antihistamines (-tadine, -tirizine): loratadine, desloratadine,
cetirizine, levoceirizine
2. Nasal decongestants (-ephrine, -zoline): phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline
2|Page
, Lower Respiratory Medications
1. Beta2-Agonists Brochodilators (-terol): albuterol, levalbuterol
2. Xathine Derivatives Bronchodilators (-phylline): aminophylline, dyphylline
3. Cholinergic blockers (-tropium): tiotropium
4. Immunomodulators/Leukotriene Modifiers (-zumab, -lukast): reslizumab, montelukast
Gastrointestinal Medications
1. Histamine H2 antagonists H2-Blockers (-tidine): cimetidine, famotidine
2. Proton Pump Inhibitors PPIs (-prazole): omeprazole, pantoprazole
Antidiabetic Medications
1. Thiazolidinedione (-glitazone): rosiglitazone, pioglitazone
2. Inhibitor of DPP-4 Enzyme (-gliptin): sitagliptin, linagliptin
Cardiac/Antihypertensive Medications
1. ACE inhibitors (-pril): enalapril, captopril
2. Beta-blockers (-olol): metoprolol, nadolol
3. Angiotensin ll receptor antagonists (-sartan): losartan, olmesartan
4. Calcium channel blockers (-pine, -amil): amlodipine, verapamil
5. Vasopressin receptor antagonists (-vaptan): conivaptan, tolvaptain
6. Alpha-1 blockers (-osin): prazosin, doxazosin
7. Loop diuretics (-ide, -semide): furosemide, bumetanide
3|Page
