Keiser University
Course Number: NGR831
Course Title: Anesthesia for Special Populations
Credit Hours:3.0
Exam: Midterm
Date:2026
A 72‑year‑old patient with reduced renal clearance is scheduled for surgery. Which anesthetic
agent requires dose adjustment due to prolonged elimination?
A. Propofol
B. Sevoflurane
C. Midazolam
D. Ketamine
Answer: C. Midazolam
Rationale: Benzodiazepines are metabolized hepatically but excreted renally; elderly patients with
reduced clearance risk prolonged sedation.
---
Which anesthetic consideration is most critical in a pregnant patient undergoing non‑obstetric
surgery?
A. Avoiding nitrous oxide
B. Maintaining left uterine displacement
C. Using high tidal volumes
D. Avoiding opioids
1
,Answer: B. Maintaining left uterine displacement
Rationale: Prevents aortocaval compression, ensuring uteroplacental perfusion.
---
A neonate undergoing surgery is at increased risk of hypothermia because:
A. They have high metabolic rate
B. They have large surface area to body mass ratio
C. They have increased brown fat stores
D. They have mature thermoregulation
Answer: B. Large surface area to body mass ratio
Rationale: Neonates lose heat rapidly due to body proportions and immature thermoregulation.
---
Which inhalational agent is preferred in asthmatic children due to bronchodilatory properties?
A. Isoflurane
B. Sevoflurane
C. Desflurane
D. Halothane
Answer: B. Sevoflurane
Rationale: Sevoflurane is less irritating to airways and provides bronchodilation.
---
2
, In obese patients, which anesthetic risk is most significant?
A. Hypothermia
B. Difficult airway management
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B. Difficult airway management
Rationale: Obesity increases risk of obstructive sleep apnea and airway difficulty.
---
Which anesthetic agent is contraindicated in patients with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility?
A. Propofol
B. Sevoflurane
C. Etomidate
D. Dexmedetomidine
Answer: B. Sevoflurane
Rationale: Volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine trigger malignant hyperthermia.
---
Which regional anesthesia technique is preferred for cesarean section in preeclampsia?
A. Spinal anesthesia
B. General anesthesia
C. Epidural anesthesia
D. Local infiltration
3
Course Number: NGR831
Course Title: Anesthesia for Special Populations
Credit Hours:3.0
Exam: Midterm
Date:2026
A 72‑year‑old patient with reduced renal clearance is scheduled for surgery. Which anesthetic
agent requires dose adjustment due to prolonged elimination?
A. Propofol
B. Sevoflurane
C. Midazolam
D. Ketamine
Answer: C. Midazolam
Rationale: Benzodiazepines are metabolized hepatically but excreted renally; elderly patients with
reduced clearance risk prolonged sedation.
---
Which anesthetic consideration is most critical in a pregnant patient undergoing non‑obstetric
surgery?
A. Avoiding nitrous oxide
B. Maintaining left uterine displacement
C. Using high tidal volumes
D. Avoiding opioids
1
,Answer: B. Maintaining left uterine displacement
Rationale: Prevents aortocaval compression, ensuring uteroplacental perfusion.
---
A neonate undergoing surgery is at increased risk of hypothermia because:
A. They have high metabolic rate
B. They have large surface area to body mass ratio
C. They have increased brown fat stores
D. They have mature thermoregulation
Answer: B. Large surface area to body mass ratio
Rationale: Neonates lose heat rapidly due to body proportions and immature thermoregulation.
---
Which inhalational agent is preferred in asthmatic children due to bronchodilatory properties?
A. Isoflurane
B. Sevoflurane
C. Desflurane
D. Halothane
Answer: B. Sevoflurane
Rationale: Sevoflurane is less irritating to airways and provides bronchodilation.
---
2
, In obese patients, which anesthetic risk is most significant?
A. Hypothermia
B. Difficult airway management
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B. Difficult airway management
Rationale: Obesity increases risk of obstructive sleep apnea and airway difficulty.
---
Which anesthetic agent is contraindicated in patients with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility?
A. Propofol
B. Sevoflurane
C. Etomidate
D. Dexmedetomidine
Answer: B. Sevoflurane
Rationale: Volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine trigger malignant hyperthermia.
---
Which regional anesthesia technique is preferred for cesarean section in preeclampsia?
A. Spinal anesthesia
B. General anesthesia
C. Epidural anesthesia
D. Local infiltration
3
