NR566 | NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care
of the Family Exam 3 Version 2 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. Which of the following medications is considered the first-line pharmacological
treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, unless contraindicated?
A. Glipizide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes. it works primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose
production and increasing insulin sensitivity. This medication is favored because it
does not cause weight gain or hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.
2. A patient taking Metformin is scheduled for a CT scan with intravenous iodinated
contrast. What instruction should the provider give?
A. Hold Metformin at the time of the procedure and for 48 hours after.
B. Hold Metformin 48 hours before and after the procedure.
,C. Take the medication as usual.
D. Double the dose the day of the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Metformin should be withheld at the time of or prior to the
procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure. This precaution is taken to avoid
the risk of lactic acidosis in the event that contrast-induced renal failure occurs. The
medication is only restarted after renal function has been re-evaluated and found to
be normal.
3. Which class of diabetes medications increases the risk of urinary tract infections and
genital mycotic infections?
A. SGLT2 Inhibitors
B. DPP-4 Inhibitors
C. Sulfonylureas
D. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin work by promoting the
excretion of glucose via the kidneys. This increased glucose in the urinary tract
,creates an environment conducive to bacterial and fungal growth. Patients should
be educated on the symptoms of UTIs and yeast infections while on this therapy.
4. What is the black box warning associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists such as
Liraglutide?
A. Risk of lactic acidosis
B. Risk of severe heart failure
C. Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors
D. Risk of vitamin B12 deficiency
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: GLP-1 receptor agonists carry a black box warning regarding
the potential risk of thyroid C-cell tumors based on animal studies. They are
contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid
carcinoma. They are also contraindicated in patients with Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia syndrome type 2.
5. Which insulin has no peak and provides a steady basal level of insulin for 24 hours?
A. Insulin Lispro
B. Insulin NPH
C. Regular Insulin
, D. Insulin Glargine
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Insulin Glargine is a long-acting basal insulin analog. It is
designed to be released slowly over a 24-hour period without a significant peak in
activity. This characteristic helps maintain stable blood glucose levels between
meals and overnight.
6. A patient with hypothyroidism is prescribed Levothyroxine. How should they be
instructed to take this medication?
A. With a high-fiber breakfast.
B. At bedtime with a glass of milk.
C. On an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before breakfast.
D. Right after the largest meal of the day.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine absorption is optimal when taken on an empty
stomach with water. Food, calcium, and iron supplements can significantly interfere
with its absorption. Consistency in timing is crucial for maintaining therapeutic
hormone levels.
of the Family Exam 3 Version 2 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. Which of the following medications is considered the first-line pharmacological
treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, unless contraindicated?
A. Glipizide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes. it works primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose
production and increasing insulin sensitivity. This medication is favored because it
does not cause weight gain or hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.
2. A patient taking Metformin is scheduled for a CT scan with intravenous iodinated
contrast. What instruction should the provider give?
A. Hold Metformin at the time of the procedure and for 48 hours after.
B. Hold Metformin 48 hours before and after the procedure.
,C. Take the medication as usual.
D. Double the dose the day of the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Metformin should be withheld at the time of or prior to the
procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure. This precaution is taken to avoid
the risk of lactic acidosis in the event that contrast-induced renal failure occurs. The
medication is only restarted after renal function has been re-evaluated and found to
be normal.
3. Which class of diabetes medications increases the risk of urinary tract infections and
genital mycotic infections?
A. SGLT2 Inhibitors
B. DPP-4 Inhibitors
C. Sulfonylureas
D. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin work by promoting the
excretion of glucose via the kidneys. This increased glucose in the urinary tract
,creates an environment conducive to bacterial and fungal growth. Patients should
be educated on the symptoms of UTIs and yeast infections while on this therapy.
4. What is the black box warning associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists such as
Liraglutide?
A. Risk of lactic acidosis
B. Risk of severe heart failure
C. Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors
D. Risk of vitamin B12 deficiency
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: GLP-1 receptor agonists carry a black box warning regarding
the potential risk of thyroid C-cell tumors based on animal studies. They are
contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid
carcinoma. They are also contraindicated in patients with Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia syndrome type 2.
5. Which insulin has no peak and provides a steady basal level of insulin for 24 hours?
A. Insulin Lispro
B. Insulin NPH
C. Regular Insulin
, D. Insulin Glargine
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Insulin Glargine is a long-acting basal insulin analog. It is
designed to be released slowly over a 24-hour period without a significant peak in
activity. This characteristic helps maintain stable blood glucose levels between
meals and overnight.
6. A patient with hypothyroidism is prescribed Levothyroxine. How should they be
instructed to take this medication?
A. With a high-fiber breakfast.
B. At bedtime with a glass of milk.
C. On an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before breakfast.
D. Right after the largest meal of the day.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine absorption is optimal when taken on an empty
stomach with water. Food, calcium, and iron supplements can significantly interfere
with its absorption. Consistency in timing is crucial for maintaining therapeutic
hormone levels.
