,SOLUTION MANUAL FOR ma ma
An Introduction to Physical Science 15th Edition James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Cha
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rles A. Higgins, Bo Lou
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Chapter 1-24 ma
Chapter 1 ma
MEASUREMENT
Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical environment
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is based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and rewritten for clari
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ty. The 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to the procedures for scien
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tific investigation. Major terms such as experiment, law, hypothesis, theory and scientific meth
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od are introduced. The idea that physical science deals with quantitative knowledge should be
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stressed. It is not enough to know that a car is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know how fast.
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A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the metri
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c-
British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained. Both the me
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tric and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for familiarity. The instr
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
uctor may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but the student should get so
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
me practice in converting between the systems. This provides knowledge of the comparative s
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ize of similar units in the different systems and makes the student feel comfortable using what
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
may be unfamiliar metric units. The Highlight, ―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is,‖ illu
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
strates the importance of unit conversion.
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The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his or h
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
er physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and themselves t
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
hrough measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such questions as, How ol
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d are you? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is the normal body temperature
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?
How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or ans
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wered by measurements and quantitative analyses.
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DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-
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liter beaker or a liter soda container, a one-
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quart container, and a balance or scales available on the instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the co
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mparative units. The meter stick can be compared to the yardstick to show the difference betw
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
een them, along with the subunits of inches and centimeters. The liter and quart also can be co
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mpared. Pass the kilogram mass around the classroom so that students can get some
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,idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the balanc
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e and scales.
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When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class me
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mbers guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have several s
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
tudents independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick. Compare the me
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
asurements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the averages of the measuremen
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ts and estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to British units, and vice versa, to pr
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
actice conversion factors and to see how the measurements compare.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
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ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS ma ma ma
a. 15
ma m a m a b. 8 ma m a m a c. 10 ma m a m a d. 2 ma m a m a e. 19 ma m a m a f. 14ma g. 21 h. 13 i. 18
ma ma ma j. 6 ma m a m a k. 11 ma l. 3 ma m. 12 ma
n. 1 ma o. 9 ma
p. 4
ma m a m a q. 23 r. 17 s. 5 t. 20
ma ma ma ma m a m a u. 16 v. 22 w. 7
ma ma ma
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS ma ma ma
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m am a 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. b
ma ma ma ma m a m a 13. a ma m a 14. b ma
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS ma ma ma
1. biological 2. hypothesis
ma ma 3. scientific method 4. sight, hearing 5. limitations
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7. longer 8. fundamental 9. time or second 10. one-billion, 109 11. liter
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12. mass
ma 13. less ma
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS ma ma ma
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is acquir
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ed and tested.
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2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
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3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
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1. Observations and Measurements, ma ma
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and ma
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis
, 5. A law is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship of nature. A theory is a w
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ell- tested explanation of a broad segment of natural phenomena.
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6. It illustrates the need to improve the standard of education among the general public and
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to emphasize the importance of a well-developed scientific method.
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7. Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
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8. They have limitations and can be deceived, thus providing false information about o
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ur environment.
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9. (a) No. (b) Yes. (c) Lower line.
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10. A fixed and reproducible value.
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11. They are the most basic quantities of which we can think. And they are not dependent
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on other physical quantities.
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12. A group of standard units and their combinations.
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13. mile/hour
14. No, the United States is the only major country that has not gone completely metric.
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15. Kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder. ma ma ma
16. Mass. Weight varies with gravity.
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17. Meter-kilogram-second, International System of Units, and centimeter-gram-second. ma ma ma ma ma ma
18. Base 10 easier to use (factors of 10).
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19. kilo- (k), mega- (M), milli- (m), micro- (µ)
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20. Mass of a cubic liter of water.
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21. kg/cubic meter. ma
22. Three fundamental quantities generally used are: Length(m), Mass(Kg), an
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d Time(s).
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23. The compactness of matter.
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24. It is given a new name.
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25. No. An equation must be equal in magnitude and units.
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26. Yes. And it could be confused with ―meters‖ instead of ―miles.‖
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27. To express measured numbers properly.
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28. The 3 rules for determining significant figures are:
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1. Non-zero digits are always significant, ma ma ma ma
An Introduction to Physical Science 15th Edition James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Cha
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rles A. Higgins, Bo Lou
ma ma ma ma
Chapter 1-24 ma
Chapter 1 ma
MEASUREMENT
Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical environment
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
is based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and rewritten for clari
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ty. The 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to the procedures for scien
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
tific investigation. Major terms such as experiment, law, hypothesis, theory and scientific meth
ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
od are introduced. The idea that physical science deals with quantitative knowledge should be
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
stressed. It is not enough to know that a car is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know how fast.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the metri
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
c-
British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained. Both the me
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
tric and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for familiarity. The instr
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
uctor may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but the student should get so
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
me practice in converting between the systems. This provides knowledge of the comparative s
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ize of similar units in the different systems and makes the student feel comfortable using what
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
may be unfamiliar metric units. The Highlight, ―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is,‖ illu
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
strates the importance of unit conversion.
ma ma ma ma ma
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his or h
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
er physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and themselves t
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
hrough measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such questions as, How ol
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
d are you? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is the normal body temperature
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
?
How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or ans
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
wered by measurements and quantitative analyses.
ma ma ma ma ma
DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
liter beaker or a liter soda container, a one-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
quart container, and a balance or scales available on the instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the co
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mparative units. The meter stick can be compared to the yardstick to show the difference betw
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
een them, along with the subunits of inches and centimeters. The liter and quart also can be co
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mpared. Pass the kilogram mass around the classroom so that students can get some
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
,idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the balanc
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e and scales.
ma ma
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class me
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mbers guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have several s
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
tudents independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick. Compare the me
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
asurements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the averages of the measuremen
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ts and estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to British units, and vice versa, to pr
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
actice conversion factors and to see how the measurements compare.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS ma ma ma
a. 15
ma m a m a b. 8 ma m a m a c. 10 ma m a m a d. 2 ma m a m a e. 19 ma m a m a f. 14ma g. 21 h. 13 i. 18
ma ma ma j. 6 ma m a m a k. 11 ma l. 3 ma m. 12 ma
n. 1 ma o. 9 ma
p. 4
ma m a m a q. 23 r. 17 s. 5 t. 20
ma ma ma ma m a m a u. 16 v. 22 w. 7
ma ma ma
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS ma ma ma
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m am a 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. b
ma ma ma ma m a m a 13. a ma m a 14. b ma
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS ma ma ma
1. biological 2. hypothesis
ma ma 3. scientific method 4. sight, hearing 5. limitations
ma ma ma ma ma 6. less ma
7. longer 8. fundamental 9. time or second 10. one-billion, 109 11. liter
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12. mass
ma 13. less ma
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS ma ma ma
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is acquir
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ed and tested.
ma ma
2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
ma ma ma ma ma
3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
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1. Observations and Measurements, ma ma
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and ma
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis
, 5. A law is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship of nature. A theory is a w
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ell- tested explanation of a broad segment of natural phenomena.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
6. It illustrates the need to improve the standard of education among the general public and
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m
to emphasize the importance of a well-developed scientific method.
a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
7. Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
ma ma ma ma ma
8. They have limitations and can be deceived, thus providing false information about o
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ur environment.
ma
9. (a) No. (b) Yes. (c) Lower line.
ma m a ma m a ma ma
10. A fixed and reproducible value.
ma ma ma ma
11. They are the most basic quantities of which we can think. And they are not dependent
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
on other physical quantities.
ma ma ma
12. A group of standard units and their combinations.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
13. mile/hour
14. No, the United States is the only major country that has not gone completely metric.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
15. Kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder. ma ma ma
16. Mass. Weight varies with gravity.
ma ma ma ma
17. Meter-kilogram-second, International System of Units, and centimeter-gram-second. ma ma ma ma ma ma
18. Base 10 easier to use (factors of 10).
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
19. kilo- (k), mega- (M), milli- (m), micro- (µ)
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
20. Mass of a cubic liter of water.
ma ma ma ma ma ma
21. kg/cubic meter. ma
22. Three fundamental quantities generally used are: Length(m), Mass(Kg), an
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
d Time(s).
ma
23. The compactness of matter.
ma ma ma
24. It is given a new name.
ma ma ma ma ma
25. No. An equation must be equal in magnitude and units.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
26. Yes. And it could be confused with ―meters‖ instead of ―miles.‖
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
27. To express measured numbers properly.
ma ma ma ma
28. The 3 rules for determining significant figures are:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
1. Non-zero digits are always significant, ma ma ma ma
