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This document, "CBMT Exam," covers specific topics in applied behavior analysis, psychology, and
research methods, including data-based models, single-subject designs, psychodynamic and
biomedical treatment models, schedules of reinforcement, and research analysis techniques like
content analysis. The document provides a comprehensive review resource, offering 166 questions
with correct answers and detailed explanations, allowing students to study and review key concepts
with precision. By utilizing this resource, students can gain a deeper understanding of the subject
matter and enhance their preparation for exams.
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EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
data-based model
CORRECT ANSWER
An approach based on information retrieved through experimentation or direct observation
RATIONALE: This approach is correct because it directly involves the use of empirical evidence, such as data from
experiments or observations, to inform and shape the model. In contrast, non-data-based models rely on theoretical
assumptions or hypothetical concepts, making a data-based model one that is grounded in observable facts and
evidence.
QUESTION 2
reversal design (ABAB design)
CORRECT ANSWER
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, A single subject, applied behavior analysis design which generally involves observing behavior during
baseline, treatment, a return to baseline, and treatment reapplied.
RATIONALE: A reversal design, specifically an ABAB design, is correct because it involves alternating between two
conditions (baseline and treatment) to demonstrate causality and rule out alternative explanations for changes in
behavior. By returning to baseline after introducing treatment and then reapplying treatment after baseline, the design
helps to establish that the treatment is the cause of the observed changes in behavior.
QUESTION 3
Psychodynamic treatment model
CORRECT ANSWER
By Freud; unconscious material is root of problems, focuses on analysis of thought; free association and
Rorschach test
RATIONALE: This correct answer is rooted in the core principles of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which
posits that unconscious thoughts and experiences drive human behavior and emotions. By utilizing free association
and the Rorschach test, as well as analyzing thought patterns, this approach allows for an in-depth examination of the
unconscious material that underlies an individual's problems.
QUESTION 4
Biomedical treatment model
CORRECT ANSWER
biological factors are the underlying cause of disorders
RATIONALE: The biomedical treatment model emphasizes the biological factors as the underlying cause of disorders
because it views mental health issues as primarily physical conditions that can be treated through medical
interventions, such as medication and therapy targeting neurological or physiological imbalances. This perspective
posits that mental health disorders are the result of abnormal biological processes, rather than social or environmental
factors, and thus requires a medical approach to address and alleviate symptoms.
QUESTION 5
successive approximations
CORRECT ANSWER
Behaviors which gradually resemble the target behavior or terminal objective
RATIONALE: Successive approximations refers to a learning process where an individual or organism gradually
approaches the desired behavior by refining and modifying their actions based on feedback and experience. This
approach involves creating a series of approximations that incrementally converge towards the target behavior,
allowing for more effective learning and mastery.
QUESTION 6
schedule of reinforcement
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, CORRECT ANSWER
The behavioral requirements for a reinforcing stimulus to be delivered. Schedules may be fixed or
variable based on interval or ratio criteria
RATIONALE: This answer is correct because it precisely defines a schedule of reinforcement, which refers to the rules
or conditions under which a reinforcing stimulus is delivered to an organism, such as an animal or human. By
specifying that schedules can be based on interval or ratio criteria, it accurately captures the essential characteristics
of reinforcement schedules, including both fixed and variable delivery patterns.
QUESTION 7
Fading
CORRECT ANSWER
The gradual removal of all explicit prompts or cues in an attempt to maintain the behavior on its own
RATIONALE: Fading is a technique used in behavior modification where the gradual removal of all explicit prompts or
cues is implemented in an attempt to maintain the behavior on its own, allowing the individual to generalize the
learned behavior to new situations. This process involves systematically reducing the level of support or guidance
provided to the individual, enabling them to develop independence and self-sufficiency in performing the desired
behavior.
QUESTION 8
Holistic theory
CORRECT ANSWER
Evaluation of emotional, physical, spiritual, psychological, and social dimensions because all make up
the whole person
RATIONALE: The concept of "Evaluation of emotional, physical, spiritual, psychological, and social dimensions
because all make up the whole person" is correct because it acknowledges that human beings are comprised of
interconnected aspects, each influencing the others in the pursuit of overall well-being. By considering these diverse
dimensions, a holistic approach recognizes that true understanding and support for an individual cannot be achieved
by focusing on a single aspect alone.
QUESTION 9
Behavioral treatment model
CORRECT ANSWER
By Skinner. All behaviors are learned, so all behaviors can be unlearned or replaced by new behaviors.
Task analysis and reinforcement schedule
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, RATIONALE: This answer is correct because it directly references the core principles of B.F. Skinner's operant
conditioning model, which emphasizes the role of learning and reinforcement in shaping and modifying behavior. By
mentioning task analysis and reinforcement schedules, it also highlights the practical application of Skinner's theory,
which involves breaking down complex behaviors into manageable steps and using reward systems to encourage
desired actions.
QUESTION 10
reinforcement schedule
CORRECT ANSWER
fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval
RATIONALE: A reinforcement schedule is a type of schedule that specifies how often or under what conditions a
desired behavior is followed by a reward, and the terms "fixed ratio," "variable ratio," "fixed interval," and "variable
interval" accurately describe the two main dimensions of this concept: the consistency of the ratio or interval between
behaviors and rewards, and the variability of the time or number of responses required to receive a reward. By
combining these two dimensions, researchers and psychologists can classify different types of reinforcement
schedules that influence behavior and learning.
QUESTION 11
classical conditioning
CORRECT ANSWER
Pavlovian technique pairing neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus
RATIONALE: The Pavlovian technique pairing a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus is the correct answer
because it involves associating an environmental cue with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned
response, allowing the environment to eventually trigger a conditioned response. This process illustrates the
fundamental concept of classical conditioning, where the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that can
evoke a conditioned response through repeated association with the meaningful stimulus.
QUESTION 12
randomized group design
CORRECT ANSWER
Experimental design that randomly assigns subjects to treatment or control conditions to compare
performance
RATIONALE: This answer is correct because it directly refers to a fundamental principle of experimental design, where
randomization ensures equal distribution of variables among groups, allowing for the control of extraneous factors and
the isolation of the treatment effect. By randomly assigning subjects, researchers can establish a cause-and-effect
relationship between the independent variable (treatment or control) and the dependent variable (performance),
increasing the validity of the study's findings.
QUESTION 13
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