ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
RASMUSSEN FINAL EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ muscular dystrophy MD. Answer: genetically determined
myopathies
progressive muscle weakness and deegeneration.
dystrophin causes muscle dysfunction, weakness, fiber loss and
inflammation
Manifestations: intellectual disability, muscle weakness leads to
hypotonia, muscle spasms, delayed development/motorskills/ poor
cordination
calf elargement, falling
Treatment: muscle relaxers, immunosuppressants, corticosteroid
therapy
preservation of function, ROM/PT
Assistive devices
◉ osteoporosis etiology. Answer: progressive loss of bone calcium
leaves bones brittle
,risks: soda, caffeine, low intake of vitamin D, Hx gastrectomy or
bypass. smoking, excessive etoh, certain meds, post menopausal
◉ manifestations of osteoporosis and treatment. Answer:
osteopenia
bone pain/tenderness, fractures w/ little to no trauma, low back
pain or neck pain, kyphosis, height reduction
biphosphanates to help stop breaking down
◉ 5 P's of compartment syndrome. Answer: pain, pulse, pallor,
paresthesia, paralysis
increased pressure within compartment-fascia- restricts blood flow,
circulation to tissue and nerves. extreme bleeding or swelling.
fasciotomy to relieve pressure
◉ Gout. Answer: inherited disorder in which disturbance of uric acid
metabolism leads to deposits of urate salts in articular, periarticular,
and subcutaneous tissue
◉ gout manifestations. Answer: inlammation and accumulation of
tophi in bony and connective tissue, red, swollen, very tender to
palpation, uric acid calculi (kidney stones)
, ◉ causes of gout. Answer: high purine foods, alcohol, acute illness
avoid red meat, turkey
◉ stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Answer: occurs when urine
involuntary loss
increases in intraabdominal pressure
weakening of pelvic muscles or intrinsic urethra sphincter
deficiency
◉ Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Answer: involuntary leakage
of urine accompanied by a sudden urgency to have to go to the
bathroom
result of overactive detrusor muscle
may be idiopathic, because of bladder infection, radiation therapy,
tumors, stones, or CNS damage
◉ neurogenic bladder. Answer: a urinary problem caused by
interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with
urination
RASMUSSEN FINAL EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ muscular dystrophy MD. Answer: genetically determined
myopathies
progressive muscle weakness and deegeneration.
dystrophin causes muscle dysfunction, weakness, fiber loss and
inflammation
Manifestations: intellectual disability, muscle weakness leads to
hypotonia, muscle spasms, delayed development/motorskills/ poor
cordination
calf elargement, falling
Treatment: muscle relaxers, immunosuppressants, corticosteroid
therapy
preservation of function, ROM/PT
Assistive devices
◉ osteoporosis etiology. Answer: progressive loss of bone calcium
leaves bones brittle
,risks: soda, caffeine, low intake of vitamin D, Hx gastrectomy or
bypass. smoking, excessive etoh, certain meds, post menopausal
◉ manifestations of osteoporosis and treatment. Answer:
osteopenia
bone pain/tenderness, fractures w/ little to no trauma, low back
pain or neck pain, kyphosis, height reduction
biphosphanates to help stop breaking down
◉ 5 P's of compartment syndrome. Answer: pain, pulse, pallor,
paresthesia, paralysis
increased pressure within compartment-fascia- restricts blood flow,
circulation to tissue and nerves. extreme bleeding or swelling.
fasciotomy to relieve pressure
◉ Gout. Answer: inherited disorder in which disturbance of uric acid
metabolism leads to deposits of urate salts in articular, periarticular,
and subcutaneous tissue
◉ gout manifestations. Answer: inlammation and accumulation of
tophi in bony and connective tissue, red, swollen, very tender to
palpation, uric acid calculi (kidney stones)
, ◉ causes of gout. Answer: high purine foods, alcohol, acute illness
avoid red meat, turkey
◉ stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Answer: occurs when urine
involuntary loss
increases in intraabdominal pressure
weakening of pelvic muscles or intrinsic urethra sphincter
deficiency
◉ Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Answer: involuntary leakage
of urine accompanied by a sudden urgency to have to go to the
bathroom
result of overactive detrusor muscle
may be idiopathic, because of bladder infection, radiation therapy,
tumors, stones, or CNS damage
◉ neurogenic bladder. Answer: a urinary problem caused by
interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with
urination
