ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
RASMUSSEN FINAL EXAM 3 PROFESSIONAL
EXAMPREP 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS FULL REVIEW GRADED A+
◉ Explain secondary prevention. Answer: "Screening"; early
detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease
early before it spreads
◉ Explain tertiary prevention. Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person
has the condition
◉ What are examples of primary prevention?. Answer: Vaccinations
and Handwashing
◉ What are examples of secondary prevention?. Answer: PAP
smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ What are examples of tertiary prevention?. Answer: Rehab for hip
surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke
to prevent pressure ulcer
,◉ What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the
flight or fight response?. Answer: Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited,
increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations,
glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
◉ What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of
the flight or light response?. Answer: Rest and Digest. Pupils
constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR,
bronchoconstriction,decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume
action
◉ Explain the role of the nucleus. Answer: control center of the cell,
where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body
proteins
◉ Explain the role of the mitochondria. Answer: Powerhouse of the
cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA
◉ Explain the role of the ribosome. Answer: produces RNA to
produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of
RNA into a protein
◉ Explain the role of the lysosomes. Answer: helps breakdown and
digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues
,◉ Explain the role of the rough ER. Answer: folded membranes that
move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and
helps produce proteins for the cell membrane
◉ Explain the role of the smooth ER. Answer: helps the Liver and
kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones,
and calcium storage
◉ Explain the role of the peroxisome. Answer: membrane cells that
contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals,
breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes
◉ Explain the role of the Golgi body. Answer: stacked membranes
that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps
move things in and out of cell
◉ Explain passive immunity. Answer: the transfer of preformed
antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized
individual to an unprotected or non immunized person. Provides
immediate and short term protection. No memory cells are
produced. IgA and IgE. Passes protection
◉ What are examples of passive immunity?. Answer: mom to fetus
through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy
, ◉ Explain active immunity. Answer: a protective state owing to the
immune system response as a result of active infection or
immunization. It has to be activated in the body and the body has to
fight it to have long term immunity
◉ What are examples of active immunity?. Answer: Vaccinations
◉ Explain what edema is. Answer: accumulation of fluid in the
interstitial space. Leads to tissue swelling
◉ What are some causes of edema?. Answer: increase in the forces
that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial compartments or
decrease in the opposite.
◉ What are factors that contribute to edema?. Answer: Increase in
hydrostatic forces in the capillaries that increases the blood volume,
increased capillary permeability, CHF, HYPTN, decrease in plasma
proteins like albumin (causes liver to hold onto more water- ascites,
cirrhosis), blockage of lymph drainage
◉ What is a hypersensitivity?. Answer: an overreaction to antigens
or allergens that is beyond the normal range, leading to damage
◉ What is a type 1 hypersensitivity?. Answer: anaphylactic. Occurs
within 2-30mins of exposure. Can be systemic or localized. Binds to
RASMUSSEN FINAL EXAM 3 PROFESSIONAL
EXAMPREP 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS FULL REVIEW GRADED A+
◉ Explain secondary prevention. Answer: "Screening"; early
detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease
early before it spreads
◉ Explain tertiary prevention. Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person
has the condition
◉ What are examples of primary prevention?. Answer: Vaccinations
and Handwashing
◉ What are examples of secondary prevention?. Answer: PAP
smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ What are examples of tertiary prevention?. Answer: Rehab for hip
surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke
to prevent pressure ulcer
,◉ What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the
flight or fight response?. Answer: Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited,
increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations,
glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
◉ What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of
the flight or light response?. Answer: Rest and Digest. Pupils
constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR,
bronchoconstriction,decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume
action
◉ Explain the role of the nucleus. Answer: control center of the cell,
where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body
proteins
◉ Explain the role of the mitochondria. Answer: Powerhouse of the
cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA
◉ Explain the role of the ribosome. Answer: produces RNA to
produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of
RNA into a protein
◉ Explain the role of the lysosomes. Answer: helps breakdown and
digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues
,◉ Explain the role of the rough ER. Answer: folded membranes that
move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and
helps produce proteins for the cell membrane
◉ Explain the role of the smooth ER. Answer: helps the Liver and
kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones,
and calcium storage
◉ Explain the role of the peroxisome. Answer: membrane cells that
contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals,
breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes
◉ Explain the role of the Golgi body. Answer: stacked membranes
that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps
move things in and out of cell
◉ Explain passive immunity. Answer: the transfer of preformed
antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized
individual to an unprotected or non immunized person. Provides
immediate and short term protection. No memory cells are
produced. IgA and IgE. Passes protection
◉ What are examples of passive immunity?. Answer: mom to fetus
through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy
, ◉ Explain active immunity. Answer: a protective state owing to the
immune system response as a result of active infection or
immunization. It has to be activated in the body and the body has to
fight it to have long term immunity
◉ What are examples of active immunity?. Answer: Vaccinations
◉ Explain what edema is. Answer: accumulation of fluid in the
interstitial space. Leads to tissue swelling
◉ What are some causes of edema?. Answer: increase in the forces
that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial compartments or
decrease in the opposite.
◉ What are factors that contribute to edema?. Answer: Increase in
hydrostatic forces in the capillaries that increases the blood volume,
increased capillary permeability, CHF, HYPTN, decrease in plasma
proteins like albumin (causes liver to hold onto more water- ascites,
cirrhosis), blockage of lymph drainage
◉ What is a hypersensitivity?. Answer: an overreaction to antigens
or allergens that is beyond the normal range, leading to damage
◉ What is a type 1 hypersensitivity?. Answer: anaphylactic. Occurs
within 2-30mins of exposure. Can be systemic or localized. Binds to
