GTC MICROBIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW ACTUAL EXAM
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Microbiology. Answer: The scientific study of microorganisms including bacteria viruses
fungi and protozoa
● Prokaryote. Answer: Single-celled organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus such as
bacteria
● Eukaryote. Answer: Organism with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles such as
fungi and protozoa
● Bacteria. Answer: Single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms with diverse metabolic
capabilities
● Binary Fission. Answer: Asexual reproduction in bacteria where one cell divides into two
equal cells
● Generation Time. Answer: Time required for a bacterial population to double in number
● Gram Stain. Answer: Differential staining technique classifying bacteria as gram-positive or
gram-negative
● Gram-Positive. Answer: Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan cell wall retaining crystal violet
stain appearing purple
● Gram-Negative. Answer: Bacteria with thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane appearing
pink-red after Gram stain
● Peptidoglycan. Answer: Rigid structural polymer forming the bacterial cell wall providing
shape and protection
● Lipopolysaccharide. Answer: Component of gram-negative outer membrane that can
trigger inflammatory response
● Endotoxin. Answer: Lipopolysaccharide released from gram-negative bacteria causing
fever and inflammation
● Exotoxin. Answer: Protein toxin secreted by bacteria into the surrounding environment
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Microbiology. Answer: The scientific study of microorganisms including bacteria viruses
fungi and protozoa
● Prokaryote. Answer: Single-celled organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus such as
bacteria
● Eukaryote. Answer: Organism with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles such as
fungi and protozoa
● Bacteria. Answer: Single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms with diverse metabolic
capabilities
● Binary Fission. Answer: Asexual reproduction in bacteria where one cell divides into two
equal cells
● Generation Time. Answer: Time required for a bacterial population to double in number
● Gram Stain. Answer: Differential staining technique classifying bacteria as gram-positive or
gram-negative
● Gram-Positive. Answer: Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan cell wall retaining crystal violet
stain appearing purple
● Gram-Negative. Answer: Bacteria with thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane appearing
pink-red after Gram stain
● Peptidoglycan. Answer: Rigid structural polymer forming the bacterial cell wall providing
shape and protection
● Lipopolysaccharide. Answer: Component of gram-negative outer membrane that can
trigger inflammatory response
● Endotoxin. Answer: Lipopolysaccharide released from gram-negative bacteria causing
fever and inflammation
● Exotoxin. Answer: Protein toxin secreted by bacteria into the surrounding environment
