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A 32-year-old patient with Bipolar I Disorder presents with acute mania: decreased need
for sleep, grandiosity, and pressured speech. He has a history of poor adherence and
was previously stabilized on lithium but stopped it. He now has elevated creatinine and
mild renal impairment. Which medication is the best initial treatment?
A. Restart lithium
B. Initiate valproate
C. Start lamotrigine
D. Start fluoxetine
Answer: B. Initiate valproate
Valproate is preferred in acute mania when lithium is contraindicated due to renal
impairment.
A 28-year-old with Generalized Anxiety Disorder is started on paroxetine. After 2 weeks,
they report increased anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness. What is the best
explanation?
A. Medication failure
B. Activation syndrome
C. Serotonin syndrome
D. Bipolar switch
Answer: B. Activation syndrome
SSRIs can initially increase anxiety before therapeutic effects occur.
, A patient taking Phenelzine eats aged cheese and develops severe headache,
hypertension, and diaphoresis. What is the cause?
A. Serotonin syndrome
B. Hypertensive crisis
C. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
D. Panic attack
Answer: B. Hypertensive crisis
Tyramine interaction with MAOIs causes dangerous hypertension.
A patient with schizophrenia stabilized on Risperidone develops galactorrhea and
amenorrhea. What is the mechanism?
A. Dopamine blockade in mesolimbic pathway
B. Dopamine blockade in tuberoinfundibular pathway
C. Serotonin excess
D. Norepinephrine deficiency
Answer: B. Dopamine blockade in tuberoinfundibular pathway
This increases prolactin levels.
A 70-year-old with dementia is prescribed haloperidol for agitation and develops rigidity,
fever, and autonomic instability. What is the diagnosis?
A. Serotonin syndrome
B. Malignant hyperthermia
C. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
D. Acute dystonia
Answer: C. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Classic triad: rigidity, fever, autonomic instability.