BIO 117 HONDROS EXAM 3 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+
⩥ heterokaryotic mycelium. Answer: cells contain 2 haploid nuclei from
parent (n+n)
⩥ karyogamy. Answer: fusion of nuclei from parents (2n)
⩥ three domains of life. Answer: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
⩥ methods of gene exchange for bacteria. Answer: 1. transformation
2. conjugation
3. transduction
⩥ transduction. Answer: -viruses/bacteriophages help to pass genetic
information
-required initial virus to be successful then a later virus to be unsuccesful
-virus acts as intermediary
⩥ conjugation. Answer: -direct contact and DNA sharing between cells
-pili structures - formation of a tunnel between 2 cells so DNA can pass
,⩥ transformation. Answer: -DNA from environment is taken in and used
-useful in DNA technology
⩥ phototrophs. Answer: source of energy is sunlight
⩥ chemoorganotrophs. Answer: source of energy:
- organic molecules
⩥ chemolithotrophs. Answer: source of energy:
- inorganic molecules
⩥ autotrophs. Answer: source of C-C bonds:
- self-synthesized from CO2, CH4, or other simple molecules
⩥ heterotrophs. Answer: source of C-C bonds:
- from molecules produced by other organisms
⩥ extremophiles. Answer: bacteria/archeae that live in extreme habitats:
-hydrothermal vents
-acidic conditions (pH < 1)
-under antarctic ice
,-water 5-10 times saltier than seawater
⩥ food produced by bacteria. Answer: - vinegar- acetic acid bacteria
- Limburger cheese- brevibacterium
- pickles, sauerkraut, yogurt- lactic acid-fermentation
⩥ Why study protists?. Answer: -critical to understand evolution of
plants, fungi, animals
-impact on human health welfare
-ecological imp
⩥ According to this phylogenetic tree the entirety of protist form a
______ group.. Answer:
⩥ Why are "protists" a ________ group ?. Answer:
⩥ what evolved in protists. Answer: earliest euk single celled organism
w/
-mitochondria
-nucleus w endomembrane syst
-cytoskeleton
-no cell wall.
, ⩥ endomembrane system. Answer: organelles w similar membrane
structures; can pass things among themselves easily
⩥ endosymbiosis theory. Answer: mitoch. originated when bac cell
engulfed by host cell
⩥ protists. Answer: -eukaryotic
-paraphyletic group
-uni/multicellular
-auto/heteotropic
⩥ Mitochondrion. Answer: replicate by fission
has ribosomes and produces its own proteins
double membranes
⩥ Secondary endosymbiosis. Answer: leading to chloroplast likely first
occurred in the common ancestor of plantae.
more than two membranes.
⩥ Chloroplast have circular DNA with genes similar to those in
___________.. Answer: cyanobacteria
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+
⩥ heterokaryotic mycelium. Answer: cells contain 2 haploid nuclei from
parent (n+n)
⩥ karyogamy. Answer: fusion of nuclei from parents (2n)
⩥ three domains of life. Answer: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
⩥ methods of gene exchange for bacteria. Answer: 1. transformation
2. conjugation
3. transduction
⩥ transduction. Answer: -viruses/bacteriophages help to pass genetic
information
-required initial virus to be successful then a later virus to be unsuccesful
-virus acts as intermediary
⩥ conjugation. Answer: -direct contact and DNA sharing between cells
-pili structures - formation of a tunnel between 2 cells so DNA can pass
,⩥ transformation. Answer: -DNA from environment is taken in and used
-useful in DNA technology
⩥ phototrophs. Answer: source of energy is sunlight
⩥ chemoorganotrophs. Answer: source of energy:
- organic molecules
⩥ chemolithotrophs. Answer: source of energy:
- inorganic molecules
⩥ autotrophs. Answer: source of C-C bonds:
- self-synthesized from CO2, CH4, or other simple molecules
⩥ heterotrophs. Answer: source of C-C bonds:
- from molecules produced by other organisms
⩥ extremophiles. Answer: bacteria/archeae that live in extreme habitats:
-hydrothermal vents
-acidic conditions (pH < 1)
-under antarctic ice
,-water 5-10 times saltier than seawater
⩥ food produced by bacteria. Answer: - vinegar- acetic acid bacteria
- Limburger cheese- brevibacterium
- pickles, sauerkraut, yogurt- lactic acid-fermentation
⩥ Why study protists?. Answer: -critical to understand evolution of
plants, fungi, animals
-impact on human health welfare
-ecological imp
⩥ According to this phylogenetic tree the entirety of protist form a
______ group.. Answer:
⩥ Why are "protists" a ________ group ?. Answer:
⩥ what evolved in protists. Answer: earliest euk single celled organism
w/
-mitochondria
-nucleus w endomembrane syst
-cytoskeleton
-no cell wall.
, ⩥ endomembrane system. Answer: organelles w similar membrane
structures; can pass things among themselves easily
⩥ endosymbiosis theory. Answer: mitoch. originated when bac cell
engulfed by host cell
⩥ protists. Answer: -eukaryotic
-paraphyletic group
-uni/multicellular
-auto/heteotropic
⩥ Mitochondrion. Answer: replicate by fission
has ribosomes and produces its own proteins
double membranes
⩥ Secondary endosymbiosis. Answer: leading to chloroplast likely first
occurred in the common ancestor of plantae.
more than two membranes.
⩥ Chloroplast have circular DNA with genes similar to those in
___________.. Answer: cyanobacteria
