BIO 117 HONDROS EXAM 3 2026
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS PREMIUM PREPARATION
PACK
⩥ chordata. Answer: -deuterostomes
-bilateral sym
-triploblasts
-coelomates
⩥ vertebrata. Answer: have a backbone/skull
-half are fish
⩥ nervous system. Answer: -differ in arrangement and complexity of NS
-allows for faster info processing
-complex behaviors
-intelligence
⩥ cell division. Answer: -most cells stop dividing when they are mature
-undifferntiated cells never stop dividing and are necessary for when
other cells die or are damaged; become different types of cells
,⩥ cell interaction and differentation. Answer: cells interact constantly
during development through signaling molecules
-2 mechanisms for specifying cell fate: cytoplasmic determinants and
induction
⩥ cytoplasmic determinants. Answer: regulatory molecules that are
unequally distributed to daughter cells
⩥ induction. Answer: one daughter cell receives a signal that the other
doesn't
⩥ cell movement and expansion. Answer: cells move at various
developmental stages; move so they are in the correct location for the
next stage of development
⩥ somites. Answer: produce and receive signals that cause them to
differentiate into different cells
⩥ shared developmental processes. Answer: gastrulation leads to
organogenesis
⩥ programmed cell death. Answer: highly regulated and essential part of
development
-apoptosis most common type
, ⩥ Evidence of Evolution. Answer: fossils, biogeography, comparative
anatomy, comparative embryology, molecular biology
⩥ similarities due to shared ancestry. Answer: Homologies (Structural,
Developmental and/or Genetic)
⩥ Causes of Evolution:. Answer: genetic drift(bottle neck or founders),
gene flow, mutations, nonrandom mating, natural selection
⩥ directional selection. Answer: the average phenotype of a population
changes in one direction
⩥ stabilizing selection. Answer: reduces both extremes in population,
average prefered
⩥ disruptive selection. Answer: favors individuals at both extremes of
the phenotypic range
⩥ balancing selection. Answer: no single allele has a distinct advantage
⩥ 4 modes of selection. Answer: directional, stabilizing, disruptive,
balancing
COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS PREMIUM PREPARATION
PACK
⩥ chordata. Answer: -deuterostomes
-bilateral sym
-triploblasts
-coelomates
⩥ vertebrata. Answer: have a backbone/skull
-half are fish
⩥ nervous system. Answer: -differ in arrangement and complexity of NS
-allows for faster info processing
-complex behaviors
-intelligence
⩥ cell division. Answer: -most cells stop dividing when they are mature
-undifferntiated cells never stop dividing and are necessary for when
other cells die or are damaged; become different types of cells
,⩥ cell interaction and differentation. Answer: cells interact constantly
during development through signaling molecules
-2 mechanisms for specifying cell fate: cytoplasmic determinants and
induction
⩥ cytoplasmic determinants. Answer: regulatory molecules that are
unequally distributed to daughter cells
⩥ induction. Answer: one daughter cell receives a signal that the other
doesn't
⩥ cell movement and expansion. Answer: cells move at various
developmental stages; move so they are in the correct location for the
next stage of development
⩥ somites. Answer: produce and receive signals that cause them to
differentiate into different cells
⩥ shared developmental processes. Answer: gastrulation leads to
organogenesis
⩥ programmed cell death. Answer: highly regulated and essential part of
development
-apoptosis most common type
, ⩥ Evidence of Evolution. Answer: fossils, biogeography, comparative
anatomy, comparative embryology, molecular biology
⩥ similarities due to shared ancestry. Answer: Homologies (Structural,
Developmental and/or Genetic)
⩥ Causes of Evolution:. Answer: genetic drift(bottle neck or founders),
gene flow, mutations, nonrandom mating, natural selection
⩥ directional selection. Answer: the average phenotype of a population
changes in one direction
⩥ stabilizing selection. Answer: reduces both extremes in population,
average prefered
⩥ disruptive selection. Answer: favors individuals at both extremes of
the phenotypic range
⩥ balancing selection. Answer: no single allele has a distinct advantage
⩥ 4 modes of selection. Answer: directional, stabilizing, disruptive,
balancing
