NR507 Final Exam / NR 507 Week 8 Exam
Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and
Answers (A+ Verified Answers)
• GERD -✓✓Warning signs include: Symptoms over age of 50:
-Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
-Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
-Nausea and vomiting
-Weight loss
-Melena
-Early satiety (feeling full after eating very little food
• Hiatal Hernia -✓✓Often asymptomatic
Generally, a wide variety of symptoms develop later in life and are
associated with other GI disorders, primarily GERD
--Sliding hiatal hernia: treatment usually conservative. Individuals can
diminish reflux by eating small, frequent meals and avoiding the
recumbent position after eating. Abdominal supports and tight clothing
are avoided and weight control recommended for obese individuals.
• Duodenal Ulcer -✓✓Characteristic manifestation = chronic
intermittent pain in epigastric area
Pain begins 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating when stomach is empty
Not unusual for pain to occur in middle of the night and disappear by
morning
• Peptic Ulcer Disease -✓✓Peptic ulcer is a break or ulceration in the
protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach or duodenum
, Least likely to occur in the large intestine
• Major Depressive Disorder -✓✓SSRIs are the standard first-line
treatment for major depression
Initial selection of an antidepressant includes:
-Assessment of symptoms
-Age
-Side effects
-Safety
-Cost
• Social Anxiety Disorder -✓✓Fear and avoidance of social situations
Example: anxious person may feel very uncomfortable having a
conversation or interacting with others and very conscious of being
scrutinized and humiliated or rejected by others
• Schizophrenia Diagnosis: -✓✓Advanced neuroimaging techniques
have revealed structural brain abnormalities
A consistent finding is the enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles
and the widening of frontocortical fissures and sulci .
• Schizophrenia Positive symptoms -✓✓("More" symptoms):
Hallucinations
Delusions
Formal thought disorder
Bizarre behavior
• Schizophrenia Negative symptoms -✓✓Flattened affect
Alogia
Anhedonia
Attention deficits
Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and
Answers (A+ Verified Answers)
• GERD -✓✓Warning signs include: Symptoms over age of 50:
-Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
-Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
-Nausea and vomiting
-Weight loss
-Melena
-Early satiety (feeling full after eating very little food
• Hiatal Hernia -✓✓Often asymptomatic
Generally, a wide variety of symptoms develop later in life and are
associated with other GI disorders, primarily GERD
--Sliding hiatal hernia: treatment usually conservative. Individuals can
diminish reflux by eating small, frequent meals and avoiding the
recumbent position after eating. Abdominal supports and tight clothing
are avoided and weight control recommended for obese individuals.
• Duodenal Ulcer -✓✓Characteristic manifestation = chronic
intermittent pain in epigastric area
Pain begins 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating when stomach is empty
Not unusual for pain to occur in middle of the night and disappear by
morning
• Peptic Ulcer Disease -✓✓Peptic ulcer is a break or ulceration in the
protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach or duodenum
, Least likely to occur in the large intestine
• Major Depressive Disorder -✓✓SSRIs are the standard first-line
treatment for major depression
Initial selection of an antidepressant includes:
-Assessment of symptoms
-Age
-Side effects
-Safety
-Cost
• Social Anxiety Disorder -✓✓Fear and avoidance of social situations
Example: anxious person may feel very uncomfortable having a
conversation or interacting with others and very conscious of being
scrutinized and humiliated or rejected by others
• Schizophrenia Diagnosis: -✓✓Advanced neuroimaging techniques
have revealed structural brain abnormalities
A consistent finding is the enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles
and the widening of frontocortical fissures and sulci .
• Schizophrenia Positive symptoms -✓✓("More" symptoms):
Hallucinations
Delusions
Formal thought disorder
Bizarre behavior
• Schizophrenia Negative symptoms -✓✓Flattened affect
Alogia
Anhedonia
Attention deficits
