Nur 176 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated
(Actual Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - (answer)Causes: Trauma, tumor, stroke, infection
Early Signs of Increased ICP - (answer)Headache, vomiting (projectile), LOC changes
Late Signs of Increased ICP - (answer)Cushing's triad (HTN, bradycardia, irregular respirations), dilated
pupils, decerebrate/decorticate posturing
Nursing Care for Increased ICP - (answer)Elevate HOB, avoid hip flexion, monitor ICP, administer
mannitol
Types of Head Injuries - (answer)Concussion, contusion, skull fracture, hematomas (epidural, subdural,
intracerebral)
Assessments for Head Injuries - (answer)GCS score, LOC, pupil changes
Interventions for Head Injuries - (answer)Monitor neuro status, seizure precautions, ICP control
Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Most common - ~87% of strokes
Cause of Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain due to a blood clot or
plaque buildup.
Types of Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Thrombotic Stroke: Blood clot forms in a cerebral artery. Embolic
Stroke: A clot (embolus) forms elsewhere (heart) and travels to the brain.
Symptoms of Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Sudden numbness or weakness (often one side), difficulty
speaking or understanding, vision changes, dizziness, loss of coordination
,Nur 176 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated
(Actual Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Treatment for Ischemic Stroke - (answer)tPA (alteplase) if within 3-4.5 hours, Thrombectomy
(mechanical clot removal), Antiplatelets (aspirin), anticoagulants (warfarin)
Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Cause: Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, causing bleeding and
pressure buildup.
Types of Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding into brain tissue,
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the space around the brain (often from an aneurysm)
Symptoms of Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Sudden severe headache ("worst headache of life"), nausea,
vomiting, loss of consciousness, seizures
Treatment for Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Control bleeding and pressure (e.g., mannitol,
dexamethasone), Surgery if needed (clip aneurysm, remove hematoma), Blood pressure management
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - (answer)Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain (usually < 1
hour)
Symptoms of TIA - (answer)Like ischemic stroke but resolve quickly, NO permanent damage
Warning Sign of TIA - (answer)High risk of a full stroke in the next 48 hours to months
Treatment for TIA - (answer)Identify and treat risk factors (HTN, Afib, diabetes), Antiplatelets, lifestyle
changes, possible carotid endarterectomy
BEFAST assessment - (answer)Balance, Eyes, Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to
call 911
, Nur 176 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated
(Actual Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - (answer)MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous
system (CNS) — specifically the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
Causes & Risk Factors of MS - (answer)Exact cause unknown, but likely a combination of genetics,
autoimmune factors, environmental triggers (low vitamin D, smoking, viral infections like Epstein-Barr)
Types of MS - (answer)Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS): Most common (85%). Clearly defined relapses
followed by full or partial recovery. Secondary Progressive (SPMS): Starts as RRMS, then steadily
worsens with fewer relapses. Primary Progressive (PPMS): Gradual worsening from onset with no clear
relapses. Progressive-Relapsing (PRMS): Rare. Progressive course with acute relapses.
Fatigue - (answer)A common symptom experienced by patients.
Visual disturbances - (answer)Includes blurred vision and optic neuritis.
Muscle weakness/spasms - (answer)A symptom characterized by reduced strength and involuntary
contractions.
Numbness or tingling - (answer)Sensations often experienced in extremities.
Balance and coordination issues - (answer)Problems with maintaining stability and coordinating
movements.
Cognitive impairment - (answer)Includes difficulties with memory and concentration.
Bladder and bowel dysfunction - (answer)Issues related to urinary and bowel control.
(Actual Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - (answer)Causes: Trauma, tumor, stroke, infection
Early Signs of Increased ICP - (answer)Headache, vomiting (projectile), LOC changes
Late Signs of Increased ICP - (answer)Cushing's triad (HTN, bradycardia, irregular respirations), dilated
pupils, decerebrate/decorticate posturing
Nursing Care for Increased ICP - (answer)Elevate HOB, avoid hip flexion, monitor ICP, administer
mannitol
Types of Head Injuries - (answer)Concussion, contusion, skull fracture, hematomas (epidural, subdural,
intracerebral)
Assessments for Head Injuries - (answer)GCS score, LOC, pupil changes
Interventions for Head Injuries - (answer)Monitor neuro status, seizure precautions, ICP control
Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Most common - ~87% of strokes
Cause of Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain due to a blood clot or
plaque buildup.
Types of Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Thrombotic Stroke: Blood clot forms in a cerebral artery. Embolic
Stroke: A clot (embolus) forms elsewhere (heart) and travels to the brain.
Symptoms of Ischemic Stroke - (answer)Sudden numbness or weakness (often one side), difficulty
speaking or understanding, vision changes, dizziness, loss of coordination
,Nur 176 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated
(Actual Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Treatment for Ischemic Stroke - (answer)tPA (alteplase) if within 3-4.5 hours, Thrombectomy
(mechanical clot removal), Antiplatelets (aspirin), anticoagulants (warfarin)
Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Cause: Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, causing bleeding and
pressure buildup.
Types of Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding into brain tissue,
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the space around the brain (often from an aneurysm)
Symptoms of Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Sudden severe headache ("worst headache of life"), nausea,
vomiting, loss of consciousness, seizures
Treatment for Hemorrhagic Stroke - (answer)Control bleeding and pressure (e.g., mannitol,
dexamethasone), Surgery if needed (clip aneurysm, remove hematoma), Blood pressure management
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - (answer)Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain (usually < 1
hour)
Symptoms of TIA - (answer)Like ischemic stroke but resolve quickly, NO permanent damage
Warning Sign of TIA - (answer)High risk of a full stroke in the next 48 hours to months
Treatment for TIA - (answer)Identify and treat risk factors (HTN, Afib, diabetes), Antiplatelets, lifestyle
changes, possible carotid endarterectomy
BEFAST assessment - (answer)Balance, Eyes, Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to
call 911
, Nur 176 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated
(Actual Exam) LATEST VERSION!!
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - (answer)MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous
system (CNS) — specifically the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
Causes & Risk Factors of MS - (answer)Exact cause unknown, but likely a combination of genetics,
autoimmune factors, environmental triggers (low vitamin D, smoking, viral infections like Epstein-Barr)
Types of MS - (answer)Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS): Most common (85%). Clearly defined relapses
followed by full or partial recovery. Secondary Progressive (SPMS): Starts as RRMS, then steadily
worsens with fewer relapses. Primary Progressive (PPMS): Gradual worsening from onset with no clear
relapses. Progressive-Relapsing (PRMS): Rare. Progressive course with acute relapses.
Fatigue - (answer)A common symptom experienced by patients.
Visual disturbances - (answer)Includes blurred vision and optic neuritis.
Muscle weakness/spasms - (answer)A symptom characterized by reduced strength and involuntary
contractions.
Numbness or tingling - (answer)Sensations often experienced in extremities.
Balance and coordination issues - (answer)Problems with maintaining stability and coordinating
movements.
Cognitive impairment - (answer)Includes difficulties with memory and concentration.
Bladder and bowel dysfunction - (answer)Issues related to urinary and bowel control.
