NSCA-CSCS Exam Chapter 1
To what structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? – answer Actin
Which substance regulates muscle actions? - answer Calcium
Which substance acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a
motor unit? - answer Acetylcholine
Which muscle fiber type is the MOST beneficial for a marathon runner? - answerType I
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just prior to throwing the
ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively
increasing muscle activity? - answerMuscle Spindle
From what is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? - answerSA Node
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG? -
answerrepolarization of the atrium and depolarization of the ventricle.
A-Band - answeroverlapping actin and myosin
acetylcholine - answerArrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes release
of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular junction. Once
a sufficient amount is released, an action potential is generated across the sarcolemma,
and the (muscle)fiber contracts.
Actin and Myosin - answercontractile proteins in muscle
Action potential - answerthe change in electrical potential associated with the passage
of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
All-or-none Principle - answerthe strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to
a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If the stimulus exceeds the
threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise,
there is no response.
Alveolar Pressure - answerthe pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cmH2O) held
within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration. The pressure value is the difference
from atmospheric pressure, which is considered zero when establishing the value.
Alveoli - answerwhere gases are exchanged in respiration.
, Aortic Valve - answerprevents backflow from the aorta into the ventricles during
ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Arterial System - answerCarries blood away from the heart
Arteriole - answersmall branches of arteries that act as control vessels through which
blood enters the capillaries.Play a major role in the regulation of blood flow to the
extremeities.
Artery - answerTheir function is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle - answerconducts the electrical impulse to the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Node - answerelectrical impulses coming from the SA node are
delayed slightly here before passing into the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves - answerconsists of the tricuspid and mitral valve and
prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular
contraction (systole).
Atrium - answerthere are two of these, a right and a left. Their function is to deliver
blood to another chamber of the heart.
Bone Periosteum - answera specialized connective tissue covering all bones.
Bradycardia - answerfewer than 60 beats of the heart per minute
Bronchi - answerThese come after the Trachea in the respiratory system and are known
as second-generation respiratory passages
Bronchiole - answerThese come after the Bronchi in the respiratory system and are
known as an additional generation of respiratory passages
Capillary - answertheir function is to exchange oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes,
hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the
various tissues in the body.
Cross-bridge - answerGlobular heads that protrude away from the myosin filament at
regular intervals.
Depolarization - answerthe reversal of the membrane electrical potential, whereby the
normally negative potential inside the membrane becomes slightly positive and the
outside becomes slightly negative
Diastole - answerVentricular relaxation
To what structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? – answer Actin
Which substance regulates muscle actions? - answer Calcium
Which substance acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a
motor unit? - answer Acetylcholine
Which muscle fiber type is the MOST beneficial for a marathon runner? - answerType I
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just prior to throwing the
ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively
increasing muscle activity? - answerMuscle Spindle
From what is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? - answerSA Node
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG? -
answerrepolarization of the atrium and depolarization of the ventricle.
A-Band - answeroverlapping actin and myosin
acetylcholine - answerArrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes release
of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular junction. Once
a sufficient amount is released, an action potential is generated across the sarcolemma,
and the (muscle)fiber contracts.
Actin and Myosin - answercontractile proteins in muscle
Action potential - answerthe change in electrical potential associated with the passage
of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
All-or-none Principle - answerthe strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to
a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If the stimulus exceeds the
threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise,
there is no response.
Alveolar Pressure - answerthe pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cmH2O) held
within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration. The pressure value is the difference
from atmospheric pressure, which is considered zero when establishing the value.
Alveoli - answerwhere gases are exchanged in respiration.
, Aortic Valve - answerprevents backflow from the aorta into the ventricles during
ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Arterial System - answerCarries blood away from the heart
Arteriole - answersmall branches of arteries that act as control vessels through which
blood enters the capillaries.Play a major role in the regulation of blood flow to the
extremeities.
Artery - answerTheir function is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle - answerconducts the electrical impulse to the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Node - answerelectrical impulses coming from the SA node are
delayed slightly here before passing into the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves - answerconsists of the tricuspid and mitral valve and
prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular
contraction (systole).
Atrium - answerthere are two of these, a right and a left. Their function is to deliver
blood to another chamber of the heart.
Bone Periosteum - answera specialized connective tissue covering all bones.
Bradycardia - answerfewer than 60 beats of the heart per minute
Bronchi - answerThese come after the Trachea in the respiratory system and are known
as second-generation respiratory passages
Bronchiole - answerThese come after the Bronchi in the respiratory system and are
known as an additional generation of respiratory passages
Capillary - answertheir function is to exchange oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes,
hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the
various tissues in the body.
Cross-bridge - answerGlobular heads that protrude away from the myosin filament at
regular intervals.
Depolarization - answerthe reversal of the membrane electrical potential, whereby the
normally negative potential inside the membrane becomes slightly positive and the
outside becomes slightly negative
Diastole - answerVentricular relaxation
