, TESTBANK FOR Sociology In Our Times 13th Edition Kendall
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
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Contact Email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
1. Sociology is understood as a systematic study because sociologists apply the scientific method in working with both
theoretical perspectives and research methods to explain and examine hypotheses related to social behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
2. A sociologist applying the sociological imagination would recognize the rising costs of higher education as a broader
societal issue rather than a “personal trouble.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. German sociologist Georg Simmel concluded that industrialization created greater equality, thus minimizing class
conflict.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggested that the division of household labor between husband and wife is one of the
fundamental sources of conflict in industrialized societies.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. Sociologist Robert K. Merton stated that in order for social institutions and other social units to be considered
functional, all their functions must be intended and recognized by the participants.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. Conflict theorists regard race and ethnicity conflicts as the primary source of social change.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
7. Quantitative research is more appropriate for studies requiring large samples and statistical analysis, while qualitative
research is better suited for exploring in-depth insights with smaller samples.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
8. Researchers want to measure remote work productivity by using survey research. Gathering self-reported data from
employees is likely more reliable than third-party observations, as employees are the best at judging their own
productivity in a remote setting.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
9. What is the definition of sociology?
a. The systematic study of human society and social interaction
b. The systematic analysis of deviant groups and individuals
c. The systematic analysis of premodern people
d. The discipline that examines individual human behavior
ANSWER: a
10. How would a sociologist use scientific standards to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on
employment satisfaction?
a. Use social myths to analyze employment satisfaction.
b. Gather information about employee experiences using surveys or focused interviews.
c. Rely on commonsense knowledge to interpret remote worker satisfaction.
d. Analyze pre- and post-pandemic trends to understand changes in job satisfaction.
ANSWER: d
11. When individuals compare their lives to celebrities or influencers on social media, they seek to connect their personal
experiences with broader societal contexts. Which sociological perspective best explains this behavior, and what
implications does this have for understanding social identity and self-perception in contemporary society?
a. conflict theory.
b. the sociological imagination.
c. structural functionalism.
d. symbolic interactionist perspective.
ANSWER: b
12. Which of the following imaginary countries is most likely to be a low-income nation?
a. Genera, a European nation with advanced technology and a strong economy
b. Partingham, a small European nation known for its high standard of living
c. Fraqut, a Latin American nation with a growing industrial economy
d. Makena, a predominantly agrarian nation in Central Asia with limited infrastructure
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
13. Consider the economic structures of high- and low-income countries. Which of the following characteristics is most
associated with low-income countries, and how does this structure affect their economic development and growth
potential?
a. more industrialized
b. more agrarian
c. less populated
d. smaller
ANSWER: b
14. Analyze how race and ethnicity shape social experiences differently. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates
how race and ethnicity interact to impact an individual’s social identity and experiences?
a. Jamal identifies as African due to his Nigerian descent. He often faces racial discrimination, though he feels
connected to his fellow Nigerian compatriots due to the shared celebration of Nigerian traditions.
b. Antonio was born in Spain and identifies as Spanish. As an immigrant, he experiences ethnic discrimination.
However, his light skin color prevents him from experiencing racial discrimination.
c. Anna identifies as African American and celebrates traditional African holidays. She often experiences racial
profiling from law enforcement because of her dark skin color.
d. Maria’s relatives are from South America, and her physical characteristics are Indigenous. She experiences
ethnic and racial discrimination due to her Ecuadorian heritage and racial features.
ANSWER: a
15. A person with significant financial resources has access to exclusive clubs and considerable influence over
policymakers in their state of residence. Based on this scenario, which term do sociologists use to refer to the
position of this person within a set of hierarchical social categories based on wealth, power, prestige, or other valued
resources?
a. Caste
b. Class
c. Ethnicity
d. ranking
ANSWER: b
16. Technological advancements contribute to the shift from family-based production to factory-based production in the
United States, significantly affecting social exchange for goods and services. Which of the following best describes
this evolution?
a. Urbanization
b. Industrialization
c. Age of Enlightenment
d. The Industrial Revolution
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
17. Which term refers to the belief that those species of animals, including human beings, which best adapt to their
environment survive and prosper, whereas those that adapt poorly die out?
a. Social Darwinism
b. Social eugenics
c. Social statics and dynamics
d. Social relativism
ANSWER: a
18. Which of the following early scientific thinkers first used the phrase "survival of the fittest" to explain his theory of
society?
a. Karl Marx
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Auguste Comte
d. Herbert Spencer
ANSWER: d
19. What is a major criticism of Spencer's theory of social Darwinism?
a. Other biological organisms exercise more control over their environments than do humans.
b. It may be used to justify racial/ethnic, gender, and class inequalities in society.
c. It explains society in an era that is less tumultuous than that of the Industrial Revolution.
d. He plagiarized the work of Charles Darwin.
ANSWER: b
20. Which term did French sociologist Emile Durkheim use to refer to the patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling that
exist outside any one individual but exert social control over every person in society?
a. Social statics
b. Social facts
c. Sociological imagination
d. Sociological generalizations
ANSWER: b
21. How does Durkheim’s concept of anomie apply to a small community facing widespread uncertainty, a loss of
purpose, and social disparity due to factory closures resulting in unemployment?
a. Social disorganization
b. Social dysfunctionalism
c. Cultural breakdown
d. Social alienation
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
22. How do Durkheim’s functionalism and class consciousness theories compare with other perspectives emphasizing
social interaction or individual experience?
a. Durkheim’s theories suggest that societal institutions maintain order and stability, while conflict theorists
believe institutions contribute to conflict and inequality.
b. Durkheim’s assertions about social cohesion and collective societal norms do not account for the meanings
individuals derive from social interactions, a concept that social interactionists emphasize.
c. Durkheim’s theory of anomie addresses societal instability but fails to explain how personal conflicts or
motivations shape behavior, a focus of symbolic interactionism.
d. Durkheim’s focus on stability explains societal cohesion but doesn’t address class conflict or racial inequality,
which are key components of Marxist theory.
ANSWER: b
23. How does Marx’s theory of alienation differ from Durkheim’s theory of anomie or class consciousness in explaining
social disconnection?
a. Workers in capitalistic societies feel isolated from the products they create and from other workers, which
creates a sense of detachment from their potential as human beings.
b. When social norms break down, it leads to a sense of normlessness, which causes individuals to feel
disconnected from their community.
c. Economic inequalities create conflict between different social classes, which leads to revolutionary change.
d. Elite members of society control the means of production, which maintains their power over the bourgeoisie.
ANSWER: a
24. Karl Marx’s belief that society must evolve and change differs from other sociological perspectives. Which scenario
demonstrates how class struggle influences social change?
a. All parts of society work together to create stability or homeostasis after a social revolution.
b. Individuals from different racial and ethnic backgrounds use language and symbols to establish social norms
and cultural unity.
c. Social institutions work to dismantle racial and ethnic stereotypes to reduce discrimination based on race and
ethnicity.
d. A protest movement erupts in response to unequal wealth distribution, challenging the dominant capitalist class
and advocating for systemic change.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
25. Mina, a sociologist, is conducting a study on divorce and the factors that affect it. She believes that modern couples
find it difficult to take relationships seriously and that married couples should stick together through thick and thin.
However, she knows that she should be objective in her study and, therefore, employs an approach that allows her to
gain the ability to see the world from the perspective of others. Which of the following approaches is Angela most
likely using?
a. Verstehen
b. Positivism
c. Social Darwinism
d. Gesellschaft
ANSWER: a
26. How do Weber’s views on what drives social change compare with Marx’s perspective, and what are the key
differences in their theories?
a. Weber believed that class struggle was the primary driver of social change, while Marx emphasized the
importance of values and ideas.
b. Marx focused on economic forces and class conflict as central to social change, while Weber emphasized
ideas, values, and rationalization.
c. Weber believed that social change is primarily driven by technological advancements, while Marx believed in
societal stability.
d. Weber argued that social change is solely influenced by economic conditions, while Marx focused on ideas
and values.
ANSWER: b
27. Analyze how the division of family roles, with tasks traditionally assigned to the wife/mother (such as housework,
child care, and emotional support), contributes to social stability. Which of the following terms best describes these
roles, and what is their impact on family and societal structure?
a. expressive tasks.
b. instrumental tasks.
c. reproductive tasks.
d. interdependent tasks.
ANSWER: a
28. Which sampling method is used when a sociologist randomly selects students from their university for a research
study?
a. Research
b. Random
c. Representative
d. Qualitative
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
29. A sociologist is designing a study to explore whether regular use of social media impacts narcissism. They predict
that increased social media use will lead to higher levels of narcissism. Which term best applies to this prediction?
a. theory.
b. variable.
c. operational definition.
d. hypothesis.
ANSWER: d
30. A sociology student is conducting quantitative research on racism and its causes as part of their final year
curriculum. After defining the research problem, the student must decide on the next appropriate step in the research
process. Evaluate the following options and determine which step is most critical at this stage, justifying your choice
based on the research process.
a. The student should formulate a hypothesis.
b. The student should review previous research on the topic.
c. The student should develop the research design.
d. The student should collect data on incidents of racism.
ANSWER: b
31. Which concept describes how much a study or research instrument accurately measures what it is supposed to
measure?
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Predictability
d. Variability
ANSWER: a
32. Soledad and Tina have developed a scale to assess job satisfaction among temporary workers. They are afraid that
the workers in their study will interpret the scale items differently. Soledad and Tina are concerned about which
aspect of the scale?
a. Representativeness
b. Accuracy
c. Validity
d. Reliability
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
33. While conducting a study on community health, a qualitative researcher is most likely to __________ in contrast to
a quantitative researcher.
a. use a larger sample.
b. collect and analyze data simultaneously.
c. focus on scientific objectivity.
d. use statistical analysis.
ANSWER: b
34. A researcher is studying how workplace factors impact employees' mental health and uses data collected from a
previous study. Which analysis type would be most appropriate for this type of research, and why is it more suitable
than other types of analysis?
a. Primary analysis, because the researcher should collect original data for accuracy
b. Tertiary analysis, because it focuses on gathering multiple studies for analysis to draw a single conclusion
c. Secondary analysis, because the researcher can reanalyze existing data to address new research questions
d. Manifest analysis, because it emphasizes the explicit content of the data being analyzed
ANSWER: c
35. Asher and Deepanshu decide to conduct a study on the effectiveness of the Gardasil vaccine but lack time and
money to gather their own data. As a result, they analyze the data gathered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. Given this situation, identify the type of research method Asher and Deepanshu are using and
explain how utilizing existing data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is beneficial for their
study on the effectiveness of the Gardasil vaccine.
a. Experiment
b. Secondary analysis
c. Survey research
d. Participant observation
ANSWER: b
36. A sociologist studied the learning capacity of toddlers by joining a preschool for six months. During this period, he
observed the activities of toddlers and asked their parents and teachers questions related to their development.
Analyze the research method used in this scenario and compare it to one other research method. What are the
strengths and weaknesses of each in studying child development?
a. A survey allows for the collection of data from many participants quickly and efficiently, but it lacks depth and
may rely on self-reported data, which could be biased.
b. Secondary analysis uses existing data, which saves time and resources, but may be limited to existing data that
may not address specific research questions.
c. Field research provides an in-depth understanding and real-time data about a toddler’s behavior in a natural
setting; however, it may be time-consuming and subject to observer bias.
d. An experiment provides strong causal evidence as it controls variables and conditions but may not reflect real-
world scenarios and can be difficult to implement with toddlers.
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
Contact Email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
1. Sociology is understood as a systematic study because sociologists apply the scientific method in working with both
theoretical perspectives and research methods to explain and examine hypotheses related to social behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
2. A sociologist applying the sociological imagination would recognize the rising costs of higher education as a broader
societal issue rather than a “personal trouble.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. German sociologist Georg Simmel concluded that industrialization created greater equality, thus minimizing class
conflict.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggested that the division of household labor between husband and wife is one of the
fundamental sources of conflict in industrialized societies.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. Sociologist Robert K. Merton stated that in order for social institutions and other social units to be considered
functional, all their functions must be intended and recognized by the participants.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. Conflict theorists regard race and ethnicity conflicts as the primary source of social change.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
7. Quantitative research is more appropriate for studies requiring large samples and statistical analysis, while qualitative
research is better suited for exploring in-depth insights with smaller samples.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
8. Researchers want to measure remote work productivity by using survey research. Gathering self-reported data from
employees is likely more reliable than third-party observations, as employees are the best at judging their own
productivity in a remote setting.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
9. What is the definition of sociology?
a. The systematic study of human society and social interaction
b. The systematic analysis of deviant groups and individuals
c. The systematic analysis of premodern people
d. The discipline that examines individual human behavior
ANSWER: a
10. How would a sociologist use scientific standards to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on
employment satisfaction?
a. Use social myths to analyze employment satisfaction.
b. Gather information about employee experiences using surveys or focused interviews.
c. Rely on commonsense knowledge to interpret remote worker satisfaction.
d. Analyze pre- and post-pandemic trends to understand changes in job satisfaction.
ANSWER: d
11. When individuals compare their lives to celebrities or influencers on social media, they seek to connect their personal
experiences with broader societal contexts. Which sociological perspective best explains this behavior, and what
implications does this have for understanding social identity and self-perception in contemporary society?
a. conflict theory.
b. the sociological imagination.
c. structural functionalism.
d. symbolic interactionist perspective.
ANSWER: b
12. Which of the following imaginary countries is most likely to be a low-income nation?
a. Genera, a European nation with advanced technology and a strong economy
b. Partingham, a small European nation known for its high standard of living
c. Fraqut, a Latin American nation with a growing industrial economy
d. Makena, a predominantly agrarian nation in Central Asia with limited infrastructure
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
13. Consider the economic structures of high- and low-income countries. Which of the following characteristics is most
associated with low-income countries, and how does this structure affect their economic development and growth
potential?
a. more industrialized
b. more agrarian
c. less populated
d. smaller
ANSWER: b
14. Analyze how race and ethnicity shape social experiences differently. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates
how race and ethnicity interact to impact an individual’s social identity and experiences?
a. Jamal identifies as African due to his Nigerian descent. He often faces racial discrimination, though he feels
connected to his fellow Nigerian compatriots due to the shared celebration of Nigerian traditions.
b. Antonio was born in Spain and identifies as Spanish. As an immigrant, he experiences ethnic discrimination.
However, his light skin color prevents him from experiencing racial discrimination.
c. Anna identifies as African American and celebrates traditional African holidays. She often experiences racial
profiling from law enforcement because of her dark skin color.
d. Maria’s relatives are from South America, and her physical characteristics are Indigenous. She experiences
ethnic and racial discrimination due to her Ecuadorian heritage and racial features.
ANSWER: a
15. A person with significant financial resources has access to exclusive clubs and considerable influence over
policymakers in their state of residence. Based on this scenario, which term do sociologists use to refer to the
position of this person within a set of hierarchical social categories based on wealth, power, prestige, or other valued
resources?
a. Caste
b. Class
c. Ethnicity
d. ranking
ANSWER: b
16. Technological advancements contribute to the shift from family-based production to factory-based production in the
United States, significantly affecting social exchange for goods and services. Which of the following best describes
this evolution?
a. Urbanization
b. Industrialization
c. Age of Enlightenment
d. The Industrial Revolution
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
17. Which term refers to the belief that those species of animals, including human beings, which best adapt to their
environment survive and prosper, whereas those that adapt poorly die out?
a. Social Darwinism
b. Social eugenics
c. Social statics and dynamics
d. Social relativism
ANSWER: a
18. Which of the following early scientific thinkers first used the phrase "survival of the fittest" to explain his theory of
society?
a. Karl Marx
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Auguste Comte
d. Herbert Spencer
ANSWER: d
19. What is a major criticism of Spencer's theory of social Darwinism?
a. Other biological organisms exercise more control over their environments than do humans.
b. It may be used to justify racial/ethnic, gender, and class inequalities in society.
c. It explains society in an era that is less tumultuous than that of the Industrial Revolution.
d. He plagiarized the work of Charles Darwin.
ANSWER: b
20. Which term did French sociologist Emile Durkheim use to refer to the patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling that
exist outside any one individual but exert social control over every person in society?
a. Social statics
b. Social facts
c. Sociological imagination
d. Sociological generalizations
ANSWER: b
21. How does Durkheim’s concept of anomie apply to a small community facing widespread uncertainty, a loss of
purpose, and social disparity due to factory closures resulting in unemployment?
a. Social disorganization
b. Social dysfunctionalism
c. Cultural breakdown
d. Social alienation
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
22. How do Durkheim’s functionalism and class consciousness theories compare with other perspectives emphasizing
social interaction or individual experience?
a. Durkheim’s theories suggest that societal institutions maintain order and stability, while conflict theorists
believe institutions contribute to conflict and inequality.
b. Durkheim’s assertions about social cohesion and collective societal norms do not account for the meanings
individuals derive from social interactions, a concept that social interactionists emphasize.
c. Durkheim’s theory of anomie addresses societal instability but fails to explain how personal conflicts or
motivations shape behavior, a focus of symbolic interactionism.
d. Durkheim’s focus on stability explains societal cohesion but doesn’t address class conflict or racial inequality,
which are key components of Marxist theory.
ANSWER: b
23. How does Marx’s theory of alienation differ from Durkheim’s theory of anomie or class consciousness in explaining
social disconnection?
a. Workers in capitalistic societies feel isolated from the products they create and from other workers, which
creates a sense of detachment from their potential as human beings.
b. When social norms break down, it leads to a sense of normlessness, which causes individuals to feel
disconnected from their community.
c. Economic inequalities create conflict between different social classes, which leads to revolutionary change.
d. Elite members of society control the means of production, which maintains their power over the bourgeoisie.
ANSWER: a
24. Karl Marx’s belief that society must evolve and change differs from other sociological perspectives. Which scenario
demonstrates how class struggle influences social change?
a. All parts of society work together to create stability or homeostasis after a social revolution.
b. Individuals from different racial and ethnic backgrounds use language and symbols to establish social norms
and cultural unity.
c. Social institutions work to dismantle racial and ethnic stereotypes to reduce discrimination based on race and
ethnicity.
d. A protest movement erupts in response to unequal wealth distribution, challenging the dominant capitalist class
and advocating for systemic change.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
25. Mina, a sociologist, is conducting a study on divorce and the factors that affect it. She believes that modern couples
find it difficult to take relationships seriously and that married couples should stick together through thick and thin.
However, she knows that she should be objective in her study and, therefore, employs an approach that allows her to
gain the ability to see the world from the perspective of others. Which of the following approaches is Angela most
likely using?
a. Verstehen
b. Positivism
c. Social Darwinism
d. Gesellschaft
ANSWER: a
26. How do Weber’s views on what drives social change compare with Marx’s perspective, and what are the key
differences in their theories?
a. Weber believed that class struggle was the primary driver of social change, while Marx emphasized the
importance of values and ideas.
b. Marx focused on economic forces and class conflict as central to social change, while Weber emphasized
ideas, values, and rationalization.
c. Weber believed that social change is primarily driven by technological advancements, while Marx believed in
societal stability.
d. Weber argued that social change is solely influenced by economic conditions, while Marx focused on ideas
and values.
ANSWER: b
27. Analyze how the division of family roles, with tasks traditionally assigned to the wife/mother (such as housework,
child care, and emotional support), contributes to social stability. Which of the following terms best describes these
roles, and what is their impact on family and societal structure?
a. expressive tasks.
b. instrumental tasks.
c. reproductive tasks.
d. interdependent tasks.
ANSWER: a
28. Which sampling method is used when a sociologist randomly selects students from their university for a research
study?
a. Research
b. Random
c. Representative
d. Qualitative
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
29. A sociologist is designing a study to explore whether regular use of social media impacts narcissism. They predict
that increased social media use will lead to higher levels of narcissism. Which term best applies to this prediction?
a. theory.
b. variable.
c. operational definition.
d. hypothesis.
ANSWER: d
30. A sociology student is conducting quantitative research on racism and its causes as part of their final year
curriculum. After defining the research problem, the student must decide on the next appropriate step in the research
process. Evaluate the following options and determine which step is most critical at this stage, justifying your choice
based on the research process.
a. The student should formulate a hypothesis.
b. The student should review previous research on the topic.
c. The student should develop the research design.
d. The student should collect data on incidents of racism.
ANSWER: b
31. Which concept describes how much a study or research instrument accurately measures what it is supposed to
measure?
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Predictability
d. Variability
ANSWER: a
32. Soledad and Tina have developed a scale to assess job satisfaction among temporary workers. They are afraid that
the workers in their study will interpret the scale items differently. Soledad and Tina are concerned about which
aspect of the scale?
a. Representativeness
b. Accuracy
c. Validity
d. Reliability
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
33. While conducting a study on community health, a qualitative researcher is most likely to __________ in contrast to
a quantitative researcher.
a. use a larger sample.
b. collect and analyze data simultaneously.
c. focus on scientific objectivity.
d. use statistical analysis.
ANSWER: b
34. A researcher is studying how workplace factors impact employees' mental health and uses data collected from a
previous study. Which analysis type would be most appropriate for this type of research, and why is it more suitable
than other types of analysis?
a. Primary analysis, because the researcher should collect original data for accuracy
b. Tertiary analysis, because it focuses on gathering multiple studies for analysis to draw a single conclusion
c. Secondary analysis, because the researcher can reanalyze existing data to address new research questions
d. Manifest analysis, because it emphasizes the explicit content of the data being analyzed
ANSWER: c
35. Asher and Deepanshu decide to conduct a study on the effectiveness of the Gardasil vaccine but lack time and
money to gather their own data. As a result, they analyze the data gathered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. Given this situation, identify the type of research method Asher and Deepanshu are using and
explain how utilizing existing data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is beneficial for their
study on the effectiveness of the Gardasil vaccine.
a. Experiment
b. Secondary analysis
c. Survey research
d. Participant observation
ANSWER: b
36. A sociologist studied the learning capacity of toddlers by joining a preschool for six months. During this period, he
observed the activities of toddlers and asked their parents and teachers questions related to their development.
Analyze the research method used in this scenario and compare it to one other research method. What are the
strengths and weaknesses of each in studying child development?
a. A survey allows for the collection of data from many participants quickly and efficiently, but it lacks depth and
may rely on self-reported data, which could be biased.
b. Secondary analysis uses existing data, which saves time and resources, but may be limited to existing data that
may not address specific research questions.
c. Field research provides an in-depth understanding and real-time data about a toddler’s behavior in a natural
setting; however, it may be time-consuming and subject to observer bias.
d. An experiment provides strong causal evidence as it controls variables and conditions but may not reflect real-
world scenarios and can be difficult to implement with toddlers.
ANSWER: c
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