Nursing Fundamentals Exam 3 Questions
With Correct Answers
1. When assessing a patient with hypotonic fluid volume excess (FVE) the nurse
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
can expect to find:
| | | |
a. Hyponatremia
| |
b. Confusion
| |
c. Headache
| |
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-D all of the above
| | | | | | | | | | |
Rationale_Na+ decreases with FVE, confusion may result from cerebral swelling
| | | | | | | | | |
as well as headache for the same reason.
| | | | | | |
2. The nurse evaluates that discharge teaching has been effective when the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
patient with hypocalcemia states: | | | |
a. "I shouldn't take antacids such as TUMS."
| | | | | | | |
b. "I should notify my healthcare provider if I start to feel tingling or numbness
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
around my mouth." | | |
c. "I'll need to cut down on my protein in my diet."
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d. "I will watch my urine for signs of kidney stones." - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B I
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
should notify my healthcare provider if I start to feel tingling or numbness around
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
my mouth
| |
,Rationale_Circumoral paresthesia is a sign of impending tetany (intermittent and | | | | | | | | | |
involuntary muscle spasms caused by low Ca+) and should alert the patient to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
contact the physician. | |
3. A 28 year old patient is admitted with severe bleeding from a fractured femur.
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Which intravenous fluid does the nurse anticipate would be ordered as the most
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
appropriate to replace that fluid loss? | | | | | |
a. Normal Saline
| | |
b. 3% saline
| | |
c. 5% dextrose in water
| | | | |
d. 5% dextrose in 0.225 saline - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A Normal Saline
| | | | | | | | | |
Rationale NS is an isotonic fluid and is appropriate for fluid (blood) loss
| | | | | | | | | | | |
4. When caring for a patient at risk for fluid overload the nurse notices that
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
overnight the patient gained 6 pounds. The nurse interprets this as:
| | | | | | | | | | |
a. A 3L fluid gain
| | | | |
b. Impending renal failure
| | | |
c. Excessive diuresis
| | |
d. A 6 L fluid gain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A a 3L fluid gain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Rationale_1 kg equals 1 liter | | | |
,5. You are working in the ER of a local hospital. A patient comes in "feeling ill".
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The doctor orders electrolytes on the patient and finds that the Na+ is 135, the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
K+ is 2.7, chloride is 95 and C02 is 26. You would expect the doctor to order:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a. Na+ supplements IV
| | | |
b. K+ supplements PO
| | | |
c. Na+ supplements PO
| | | |
d. Chloride PO - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B K+ supplements PO
| | | | | | | |
Rationale_K+ is very low, the other values are normal. When able, K+ orally is the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
best and safest method of replacement.
| | | | |
6. The skin turgor assessment of a patient with hypernatremia as a result of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
extracellular fluid loss would show: | | | | |
a. No skin "tenting"
| | | |
b. Prolonged skin "tenting"
| | | |
c. Prolonged pitting edema
| | | |
d. Widespread non-pitting edema - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B Prolonged skin
| | | | | | | |
"tenting"
|
Rationale_Poor skin turgor is a measure of tissue hydration, fluid loss has less
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
elasticity of the skin. Edema is not present in fluid loss but in fluid overload.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
7. Marathon runners are at risk for fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a related factor?
| | |
a. Decreased diuresis
| | |
, b. Disease related processes
| | | |
c. Decreased breathing and perspiration
| | | | |
d. Increased breathing and perspiration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-D Increased
| | | | | | | | |
breathing and perspiration
| |
Rationale_Fluid losses increase through increased respirations and increased
| | | | | | | |
perspiration from heavy physical activity.
| | | |
8. During shift report, you are told that your patient has a positive Chvostek's
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
sign. You would expect his lab values to reveal:
| | | | | | | | |
a. Total serum calcium level below 8.5 mEq/L
| | | | | | | |
b. Total serum calcium level above 10.1 mEq/L
| | | | | | | |
c. Normal serum calcium level - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A Total serum calcium
| | | | | | | | | | |
level below 8.5 mEq/L
| | |
Rationale_Chevostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia and is a | | | | | | | | |
hyperexcitability of the facial nerve when stimulated in front of the earlobe.
| | | | | | | | | | |
9. In addition to its responsibility for fluid balance sodium is also responsible for:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a. Good eyesight and vitamin balance
| | | | | |
b. Bone structure
| | |
c. Impulse transmission
| | |
d. Muscle mass - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-C impulse transmission
| | | | | | |
Rationale_Na+ transmits nerve impulses and contracts muscles.
| | | | | |
With Correct Answers
1. When assessing a patient with hypotonic fluid volume excess (FVE) the nurse
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
can expect to find:
| | | |
a. Hyponatremia
| |
b. Confusion
| |
c. Headache
| |
d. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-D all of the above
| | | | | | | | | | |
Rationale_Na+ decreases with FVE, confusion may result from cerebral swelling
| | | | | | | | | |
as well as headache for the same reason.
| | | | | | |
2. The nurse evaluates that discharge teaching has been effective when the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
patient with hypocalcemia states: | | | |
a. "I shouldn't take antacids such as TUMS."
| | | | | | | |
b. "I should notify my healthcare provider if I start to feel tingling or numbness
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
around my mouth." | | |
c. "I'll need to cut down on my protein in my diet."
| | | | | | | | | | | |
d. "I will watch my urine for signs of kidney stones." - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B I
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
should notify my healthcare provider if I start to feel tingling or numbness around
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
my mouth
| |
,Rationale_Circumoral paresthesia is a sign of impending tetany (intermittent and | | | | | | | | | |
involuntary muscle spasms caused by low Ca+) and should alert the patient to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
contact the physician. | |
3. A 28 year old patient is admitted with severe bleeding from a fractured femur.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Which intravenous fluid does the nurse anticipate would be ordered as the most
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
appropriate to replace that fluid loss? | | | | | |
a. Normal Saline
| | |
b. 3% saline
| | |
c. 5% dextrose in water
| | | | |
d. 5% dextrose in 0.225 saline - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A Normal Saline
| | | | | | | | | |
Rationale NS is an isotonic fluid and is appropriate for fluid (blood) loss
| | | | | | | | | | | |
4. When caring for a patient at risk for fluid overload the nurse notices that
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
overnight the patient gained 6 pounds. The nurse interprets this as:
| | | | | | | | | | |
a. A 3L fluid gain
| | | | |
b. Impending renal failure
| | | |
c. Excessive diuresis
| | |
d. A 6 L fluid gain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A a 3L fluid gain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Rationale_1 kg equals 1 liter | | | |
,5. You are working in the ER of a local hospital. A patient comes in "feeling ill".
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The doctor orders electrolytes on the patient and finds that the Na+ is 135, the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
K+ is 2.7, chloride is 95 and C02 is 26. You would expect the doctor to order:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a. Na+ supplements IV
| | | |
b. K+ supplements PO
| | | |
c. Na+ supplements PO
| | | |
d. Chloride PO - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B K+ supplements PO
| | | | | | | |
Rationale_K+ is very low, the other values are normal. When able, K+ orally is the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
best and safest method of replacement.
| | | | |
6. The skin turgor assessment of a patient with hypernatremia as a result of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
extracellular fluid loss would show: | | | | |
a. No skin "tenting"
| | | |
b. Prolonged skin "tenting"
| | | |
c. Prolonged pitting edema
| | | |
d. Widespread non-pitting edema - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B Prolonged skin
| | | | | | | |
"tenting"
|
Rationale_Poor skin turgor is a measure of tissue hydration, fluid loss has less
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
elasticity of the skin. Edema is not present in fluid loss but in fluid overload.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
7. Marathon runners are at risk for fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a related factor?
| | |
a. Decreased diuresis
| | |
, b. Disease related processes
| | | |
c. Decreased breathing and perspiration
| | | | |
d. Increased breathing and perspiration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-D Increased
| | | | | | | | |
breathing and perspiration
| |
Rationale_Fluid losses increase through increased respirations and increased
| | | | | | | |
perspiration from heavy physical activity.
| | | |
8. During shift report, you are told that your patient has a positive Chvostek's
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
sign. You would expect his lab values to reveal:
| | | | | | | | |
a. Total serum calcium level below 8.5 mEq/L
| | | | | | | |
b. Total serum calcium level above 10.1 mEq/L
| | | | | | | |
c. Normal serum calcium level - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A Total serum calcium
| | | | | | | | | | |
level below 8.5 mEq/L
| | |
Rationale_Chevostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia and is a | | | | | | | | |
hyperexcitability of the facial nerve when stimulated in front of the earlobe.
| | | | | | | | | | |
9. In addition to its responsibility for fluid balance sodium is also responsible for:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
a. Good eyesight and vitamin balance
| | | | | |
b. Bone structure
| | |
c. Impulse transmission
| | |
d. Muscle mass - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-C impulse transmission
| | | | | | |
Rationale_Na+ transmits nerve impulses and contracts muscles.
| | | | | |
