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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
Multiple Choice
1. Which advanced human form was thought to use larger and more varied tools and was the first to leave Africa and
move into Europe and Asia?
a. Homo habilis
b. Homo sapiens
c. Homo erectus
d. Australopithecines
ANSWER: c
2. How far might a band of modern humans move out of their traditional hunting ground and spread throughout the
world?
a. 2-3 miles per decade
b. 2-3 miles per year
c. 2-3 miles in a lifetime
d. 2-3 miles per generation
ANSWER: d
3. Who were among the first people to bury their dead?
a. Neanderthals
b. Europeans
c. Homo sapiens
d. East Asians
ANSWER: a
4. What do archaeologists and anthropologists believe about the social structure of early Paleolithic people?
a. Women hunted while men grew crops.
b. They were nomadic.
c. They were reliant on farming.
d. Men hunted while women took care of homes and children.
ANSWER: b
5. What do the cave paintings in the Chauvet cave tell anthropologists about early Paleolithic people?
a. The types of animals they hunted
b. The technological innovations they developed
c. The systematic agriculture they practiced
d. The forms of religion they practiced
ANSWER: d
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
6. Why were early Paleolithic people most likely nomadic?
a. They needed weapons to defend themselves against others.
b. They had no fire or tools to build shelters.
c. They sought out new caves for paintings.
d. They relied on wild plants and hunting animals to survive.
ANSWER: d
7. What is the hallmark of the Mesolithic Age?
a. The development of art such as cave paintings
b. The domestication of animals
c. A shift from food gathering to hunting
d. The use of systematic agriculture
ANSWER: b
8. How did systematic agriculture change the way Neolithic people lived?
a. More permanent settlements developed.
b. More nomad groups developed.
c. Domestication of animals could begin.
d. Barter and trade practices declined.
ANSWER: a
9. Which of the following occurred as people settled in villages and towns?
a. New crops were introduced by neighboring villages.
b. A division of labor developed.
c. More women began hunting.
d. Religion became more important in communities.
ANSWER: b
10. Why would a growing population create a political or military structure?
a. To gain land and power
b. To create shared religious practices
c. To allow citizens to build specialized skills
d. To increase populations
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
11. Why is the development of writing important to advanced civilizations?
a. To improve architectural structures
b. To define social classes
c. To create economic power
d. To keep records
ANSWER: d
12. What led to the growth of organized trade in early civilizations?
a. The ability to write and keep records
b. A growing group of free common people
c. Demand for luxury items by ruling elites
d. The enslavement of people to work fields
ANSWER: c
13. Which of the following helped to create a prosperous farming society in the Yellow River valley in northern China?
a. Warfare
b. Trade in textiles
c. Domestication of goats
d. Irrigation systems
ANSWER: d
14. Where was the center of the early civilization that emerged in the Supe River Valley of Peru?
a. Caral
b. Machu Picchu
c. Mohenjo-Daro
d. Tenochtitlan
ANSWER: a
15. What was the major concern for the aristocratic class in early Chinese civilization?
a. Copper mining
b. War
c. Trade networks
d. Irrigation systems
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
16. How do some scholars believe that specialization of labor and large bureaucratic organizations helped early
civilizations develop?
a. By arranging trade partnerships
b. By establishing religious hierarchies
c. By creating food surpluses
d. By unifying goals for the civilization
ANSWER: c
17. In the Fertile Crescent, the emergence of civilization depended on what?
a. Water management
b. Large hunting bands
c. Bronze tools
d. Growing populations
ANSWER: a
18. Which advanced city developed along the Indus River in India between 3000-1500 BCE?
a. Egypt
b. Mohenjo-Daro
c. Uzbekistan
d. Mesopotamia
ANSWER: b
19. Which would often be the most prominent building in a Sumerian city?
a. The ziggurat
b. The temple
c. The royal palace
d. The defense towers
ANSWER: b
20. From where did a Sumerian king get his power?
a. The government
b. The army
c. The gods
d. The priests and priestesses
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
21. How were women who were enslaved generally used by Sumerian temple officials?
a. To weave cloth
b. For agricultural work
c. In building projects
d. In domestic work
ANSWER: a
22. Why are the Akkadians referred to as Semitic people?
a. Based on the leader of the dynastic empire
b. Based on their language
c. Based on their location
d. Based on the Code of Hammurabi
ANSWER: b
23. What is the basis of the Code of Hammurabi?
a. Distinct social classes
b. Expansionism
c. Strict justice
d. Military control
ANSWER: c
24. Under the Code of Hammurabi, what rights would a woman have?
a. The right to divorce a husband
b. The right to work as an artisan
c. The right to decide which son received an inheritance
d. The right to refuse an arranged marriage
ANSWER: c
25. Which type of religion did the people of Mesopotamia practice?
a. Polytheism
b. Monotheism
c. Divination
d. Theocracy
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
26. How did the Sumerians develop some of the oldest Mesopotamian texts, which date to around 3000 BCE?
a. Using a cuneiform
b. Using hieroglyphs
c. Using papyrus
d. Using animal hides
ANSWER: a
27. What did the Mesopotamians develop that allowed them to measure fields and erect buildings?
a. Astronomy
b. Phonetic values
c. Geometry
d. Cuneiform writing
ANSWER: c
28. What made the Nile River unique and capable of producing abundant harvests?
a. Defensive barriers
b. The speed of the water
c. Its cataracts
d. Annual flooding
ANSWER: d
29. What did the geographical landscape around Egypt provide to those that lived there?
a. Direct land routes to trade partners
b. Natural barriers and protection
c. Large population bands
d. Rapid development of cities
ANSWER: b
30. What advantage did the Nile offer sailors who wanted to head north toward the Mediterranean Sea?
a. Strong winds from the south
b. The northbound currents
c. Broad flood plains
d. Cataracts that controlled the river
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
31. Who was responsible for uniting Upper Egypt with Lower Egypt around 3100 BCE, creating the first Egyptian royal
dynasty?
a. Osiris
b. Atum
c. Menes
d. Isis
ANSWER: c
32. Where was the prosperous capital of the Old Kingdom, which included several of the largest pyramids in Egypt?
a. Thebes
b. Nubia
c. Memphis
d. Luxor
ANSWER: c
33. How were the pharaohs of Egypt supposed to rule their kingdoms?
a. Based on divine intervention
b. Based on the Code of Hammurabi
c. Based on absolute power
d. Based on the principle of Ma'at
ANSWER: d
34. What led to the development of the Middle Kingdom between 2010-1630 BCE?
a. The development of jewelry and metal trades
b. The expansion of cities along the Nile
c. The collapse of the Old Kingdom
d. The acquisition of land through warfare
ANSWER: c
35. Who would have been responsible for aiding the king in the Old and Middle Kingdoms of Egypt?
a. Priests
b. Landed estate owners
c. The ruling class
d. Artisans
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 1 Early Humans and the First Civilizations
36. Who would have typically owned the land used to cultivate crops and provide food?
a. Common people
b. The king
c. Serfs
d. Nobles
ANSWER: b
37. What happened to Nubia after the disintegration of the Egyptian New Kingdom?
a. It became one of Egypt's most important trade partners.
b. It became the independent state of Kush.
c. It became controlled by Ramesses II.
d. It became the spiritual home of Akhenaten.
ANSWER: b
38. What was unique about the pharaoh Hatshepsut?
a. She led several military campaigns into Syria and Canaan.
b. She was one of the first women to be pharaoh in her own right.
c. She restored Egypt as an imperial power.
d. She introduced the worship of the sun-god Aten.
ANSWER: b
39. What changes did the boy-pharaoh Tutankhamun make to the Egyptian empire?
a. He returned the government to Thebes.
b. He closed the temples to all gods except Aten.
c. He removed all Egyptians from Canaan.
d. He lessened the power of the priesthood.
ANSWER: a
40. How were megaliths in Neolithic Europe used?
a. As monuments to dead kings and rulers
b. As a way to detect astronomical phenomena
c. As places of ritual worship
d. As centers of trade for neighboring city-states
ANSWER: b
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