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A centrifugal pump is best described as a pump that:
A. Uses a piston to displace water
B. Uses an impeller to impart velocity to water
C. Uses compressed air to move water
D. Uses gravity to increase pressure
Answer: B. Uses an impeller to impart velocity to water
Rationale: A centrifugal pump operates by spinning an impeller, which increases the
velocity of water. This velocity is then converted into pressure energy as the water
moves through the volute or diffuser.
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is important because it helps prevent:
A. Water hammer
B. Cavitation
C. Priming loss
D. Excessive discharge pressure
,Answer: B. Cavitation
Rationale: NPSH ensures sufficient pressure exists at the pump inlet to prevent water
from vaporizing. Inadequate NPSH can cause cavitation, which damages impellers and
reduces pump performance.
Which component directs water from the impeller to the discharge outlet?
A. Stuffing box
B. Volute
C. Wear ring
D. Shaft sleeve
Answer: B. Volute
Rationale: The volute collects water leaving the impeller and converts velocity energy
into pressure while directing the flow toward the discharge connection.
Pump cavitation is most commonly caused by:
A. Excessive discharge pressure
B. Insufficient suction pressure
C. Oversized piping
D. Low motor voltage
Answer: B. Insufficient suction pressure
Rationale: Cavitation occurs when the pressure at the pump inlet falls below the vapor
pressure of water, causing vapor bubbles to form and collapse violently.
, The primary purpose of a pump wear ring is to:
A. Lubricate the shaft
B. Reduce internal recirculation
C. Increase motor speed
D. Prevent overheating
Answer: B. Reduce internal recirculation
Rationale: Wear rings minimize leakage between the impeller and casing, maintaining
efficiency and reducing internal water recirculation.
A positive displacement pump differs from a centrifugal pump because it:
A. Produces flow regardless of discharge pressure
B. Requires no priming
C. Cannot handle viscous fluids
D. Uses an impeller
Answer: A. Produces flow regardless of discharge pressure
Rationale: Positive displacement pumps move a fixed volume of liquid with each cycle,
making their flow relatively independent of system pressure.
What is the most common cause of pump seal failure?
A. Proper alignment
B. Dry running
C. Clean water