CSC 305 / IT 302 DATABASE SYSTEMS| BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER SCIENCE THEORY AND PRACTICAL (SQL & DESIGN) COMPUTER-
BASED AS APPLICABLE
FINAL SPRING EXAMINATION – APRIL 2026 SESSION
Data
Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user.
Must be properly formatted for storage.
Information
The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information consists of transformed
data and facilitates decision making. Requires context to reveal meaning.
Knowledge
The body of information and facts about a specific subject. Implies familiarity, awareness, and
understanding of information as it applies to an environment. A key characteristic is that "new"
knowledge can be derived from "old" knowledge.
Data Management
A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management
functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.
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, Database
A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. Contains two
types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata.
Metadata
Data about data; that is, data about data through which the end-user data is integrated and
managed. Also data about data characteristics and relationships
Database Management System (DBMS)
The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data
stored in the database.
Data Inconsistency
A condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results.
Query
A question or task asked by an end user of a database in the form of SQL code. A specific
request for data manipulation issued by the end user or the application to the DBMS.
Ad Hoc Query
2|Page
OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER SCIENCE THEORY AND PRACTICAL (SQL & DESIGN) COMPUTER-
BASED AS APPLICABLE
FINAL SPRING EXAMINATION – APRIL 2026 SESSION
Data
Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user.
Must be properly formatted for storage.
Information
The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information consists of transformed
data and facilitates decision making. Requires context to reveal meaning.
Knowledge
The body of information and facts about a specific subject. Implies familiarity, awareness, and
understanding of information as it applies to an environment. A key characteristic is that "new"
knowledge can be derived from "old" knowledge.
Data Management
A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management
functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.
1|Page
, Database
A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. Contains two
types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata.
Metadata
Data about data; that is, data about data through which the end-user data is integrated and
managed. Also data about data characteristics and relationships
Database Management System (DBMS)
The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data
stored in the database.
Data Inconsistency
A condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results.
Query
A question or task asked by an end user of a database in the form of SQL code. A specific
request for data manipulation issued by the end user or the application to the DBMS.
Ad Hoc Query
2|Page
