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• Normative statement -✓✓Expresses a value judgment about right or wrong.
• Descriptive statement -✓✓Describe facts without making judgments.
• Ethical framework -✓✓A set of principles guiding decisions on what is morally right or
wrong.
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) -✓✓Enhances the company's reputation, builds
customer trust, and ensures long-term sustainability.
• Dilemma of allocating scarce resources -✓✓A basic problem in ethics regarding the
distribution of limited resources.
• Challenge of choosing between multiple desirable outcomes -✓✓A basic problem in
ethics where goals conflict with each other.
• Differences in opinions about what is good -✓✓A basic problem in ethics regarding
varying beliefs on morality and its achievement.
• Invisibility factor of computing technologies -✓✓Describes issues stemming from the
complexity, pervasiveness, and unpredictability of technology.
• Complexity of technology -✓✓Users not understanding how technology works.
• Pervasiveness -✓✓Users are not aware of the embedded technology that comes with
usage.
• Difficulty anticipating consequences -✓✓It's hard to predict the impacts of new
technologies.
• Moral imagination -✓✓Being aware of potential impacts when making decisions.
• Professional societies -✓✓Create ethical codes to guide practitioners, offering
principles and ensuring standards.
• Hippocratic Oath -✓✓A pledge by medical professionals to practice medicine ethically,
focusing on the wellness of the patients.
,• Habitus -✓✓Ingrained habits and dispositions from life experiences.
• Practical wisdom -✓✓The ability to make good decisions based on experience and
context.
• Heuristics of fear -✓✓Make short decisions based on the fear that affects a person.
• Deontology -✓✓Focuses on adherence to moral duties and doing what is right.
• Utilitarianism -✓✓Aims to maximize overall happiness.
• Consequentialism -✓✓Evaluates decisions based on the outcomes.
• Communitarianism -✓✓Emphasizes community goals and social bonds over individual
autonomy.
• Virtue Ethics -✓✓Focuses on the moral character of the decision-maker rather than
the actions themselves or their outcomes.
• Principle of utility in utilitarianism -✓✓Seeks to maximize the overall happiness of the
majority.
• Happiness -✓✓Subjective feeling that can justify harming minorities for the majority's
benefit.
• Communitarianism -✓✓Framework emphasizing the importance of community and
social ties in shaping individuals' identities and values.
• Responsibility Ethics -✓✓Developed in response to traditional frameworks that
overlook systemic issues, power imbalances, and real-world complexities.
• Capability Approach -✓✓Evaluates how well people's resources and opportunities
enable them to achieve their desired functions and well-being.
• Emotional Labor -✓✓Managing and expressing emotions as part of one's job and life,
including always smiling even if sad.
• Studying Multiple Ethical Frameworks -✓✓Provides a nuanced understanding of
ethical issues by offering different perspectives and criteria for evaluating decisions.
• Profession -✓✓An occupation requiring specialized education, training, and expertise,
often governed by a code of ethics.
, • Conflict of Interest -✓✓Occurs when a professional's interests or relationships interfere
with their ability to perform their duties impartially.
• Licensing -✓✓Granting individuals official permission to practice a profession.
• Certification -✓✓A formal process by which a professional verifies that an individual
has met specific qualifications.
• Core Characteristics of a Profession -✓✓Includes specialized knowledge and skills,
formal education and training, a code of ethics, self-regulation, and commitment to
public service.
• Functions of Codes of Ethics -✓✓Inward-facing functions communicate expectations,
outward-facing functions inform the public, and decision-making aids help navigate
ethical dilemmas.
• Cost Benefit Analysis -✓✓Quantifies the costs and benefits of a decision for all
affected parties.
• Act-utilitarian Approach -✓✓Evaluates each possible action based on its
consequences and chooses the one that maximizes overall good.
• Rule-utilitarian Approach -✓✓Develops rules that, if followed, will produce the most
good for the most people.
• Golden Rule Approach -✓✓Act in a way you would want others to act towards you.
• Self-Defeating Approach -✓✓Considers if the action would be harmful if everyone
acted the same way, thus defeating itself.
• Rights Approach -✓✓To respect and uphold the rights of all individuals involved.
• ACM Code of Ethics -✓✓Addresses privacy by emphasizing protecting personal data
and confidentiality.
• Preventive Ethics -✓✓Avoid misconduct with clear rules.
• Aspirational Ethics -✓✓Promote high ethical standards when using technology.
• Professional Societies Interaction with Laws -✓✓Includes regulatory compliance to
align with legal standards.
• IEEE Code of Ethics -✓✓It prohibits discrimination and promotes fairness.