GUARD CARD FINAL EXAM 2026 PRACTICE
TEST PAPER ACCESS CONTROL AND
INCIDENT RESPONSE REVIEW SHEET FULL
SOLUTIONS
◉ Who wrote a popular eletrocardiography textbook based on
Willem Einthoven's findings? Answer: Thomas Lewis
◉ Who demonstrated the first human ECG? Answer: Augustus
Waller
◉ The midpoint of the axis of the unipolar lead, found at the center
of the heart, has what polarity? Answer: Zero potential
◉ The 12 lead ECG consists of ___ augmented leads, ___ standard
leads and ___ unipolar leads. Answer: 3 3 6
◉ precordial leads Answer: Six EKG leads placed on the anterior
chest to record electrical activity of the heart, mainly the electrical
impulses originating in the ventricles or the heart's anterior wall
◉ Einthoven's Law Answer: Lead 1 + Lead 3 = Lead 2
,◉ If interference is found on lead II and III, the sensor on which limb
is likely the source of interference? Answer: Left leg
◉ The following are roles of the cardiology technologist with respect
to electrocardiography? Answer: 1)
Recognize and eliminate artifacts.
2)
Prepare patient for recording procedure.
3)
Maintain and conduct minor repairs of the electrocardiograph.
4)
Be knowledgeable in all the various recording techniques.
5)
Accurately place all leads for recording an electrocardiogram.
◉ The purpose of the ground lead is to keep the average voltage of
the patient the same as that of the recording instrument. Answer:
True
◉ The electrocardiogram consists of 12 leads grouped as follows:
Answer: 3 standard bi-polar limb leads
3 augmented limb leads
, 6 unipolar pre-cordial or chest leads
◉ Standard Limb leads Answer: Leads I, II, II are also known as bi-
polar leads, as each lead uses two of the three active sensors.
◉ Right arm lead Answer: negative in lead 1
negative in lead 2
◉ left arm lead Answer: positive in lead 1
negative in lead 3
◉ left leg lead Answer: positive in lead 2
positive in lead 3
◉ Unipolar Precordial Leads Answer: The three unipolar limb leads
are designated AVR, AVL and AVF.
Unipolar because each specific lead represents the heart's electrical
forces recorded from that specific limb's electrode.
Hexaxial reference system
TEST PAPER ACCESS CONTROL AND
INCIDENT RESPONSE REVIEW SHEET FULL
SOLUTIONS
◉ Who wrote a popular eletrocardiography textbook based on
Willem Einthoven's findings? Answer: Thomas Lewis
◉ Who demonstrated the first human ECG? Answer: Augustus
Waller
◉ The midpoint of the axis of the unipolar lead, found at the center
of the heart, has what polarity? Answer: Zero potential
◉ The 12 lead ECG consists of ___ augmented leads, ___ standard
leads and ___ unipolar leads. Answer: 3 3 6
◉ precordial leads Answer: Six EKG leads placed on the anterior
chest to record electrical activity of the heart, mainly the electrical
impulses originating in the ventricles or the heart's anterior wall
◉ Einthoven's Law Answer: Lead 1 + Lead 3 = Lead 2
,◉ If interference is found on lead II and III, the sensor on which limb
is likely the source of interference? Answer: Left leg
◉ The following are roles of the cardiology technologist with respect
to electrocardiography? Answer: 1)
Recognize and eliminate artifacts.
2)
Prepare patient for recording procedure.
3)
Maintain and conduct minor repairs of the electrocardiograph.
4)
Be knowledgeable in all the various recording techniques.
5)
Accurately place all leads for recording an electrocardiogram.
◉ The purpose of the ground lead is to keep the average voltage of
the patient the same as that of the recording instrument. Answer:
True
◉ The electrocardiogram consists of 12 leads grouped as follows:
Answer: 3 standard bi-polar limb leads
3 augmented limb leads
, 6 unipolar pre-cordial or chest leads
◉ Standard Limb leads Answer: Leads I, II, II are also known as bi-
polar leads, as each lead uses two of the three active sensors.
◉ Right arm lead Answer: negative in lead 1
negative in lead 2
◉ left arm lead Answer: positive in lead 1
negative in lead 3
◉ left leg lead Answer: positive in lead 2
positive in lead 3
◉ Unipolar Precordial Leads Answer: The three unipolar limb leads
are designated AVR, AVL and AVF.
Unipolar because each specific lead represents the heart's electrical
forces recorded from that specific limb's electrode.
Hexaxial reference system
