NR566 | NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care
of the Family Wk 5 Final Exam v3 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in
treating hypertension?
A. Increasing the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
B. Directly blocking the binding of Angiotensin II to AT1 receptors
C. Blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
D. Inhibiting the release of renin from the kidneys
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting
enzyme, which prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. This leads
to decreased vasoconstriction and reduced aldosterone secretion, which lowers
blood pressure. Because Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, inhibiting its
production is highly effective for managing hypertension and heart failure.
2. A patient is prescribed Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes. What is the most important
laboratory value to monitor before and during therapy to ensure safety?
A. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
,B. Serum amylase
C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
D. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Metformin is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys, so
assessing renal function is critical to avoid lactic acidosis. The eGFR must be
checked prior to initiation and at least annually thereafter. If the eGFR falls below 30
mL/min/1.73m2, the medication should be discontinued immediately to prevent
toxicity.
3. When prescribing a SABA (Short-Acting Beta Agonist) like Albuterol for asthma, the
provider should educate the patient that:
A. It should be used on a fixed schedule every morning.
B. It is used for quick relief of acute bronchospasm.
C. It is used for the long-term maintenance of airway inflammation.
D. It can cause significant weight gain and fluid retention.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Albuterol is a bronchodilator intended for rescue use during
acute asthma exacerbations or prior to exercise. It works by stimulating beta-2
,receptors in the lungs to relax smooth muscle quickly. Using it more than twice
weekly for symptoms usually indicates that the patient’s underlying asthma is not
well-controlled.
4. Which antibiotic class is most frequently associated with the risk of tendon rupture,
particularly in the Achilles tendon?
A. Macrolides
B. Tetracyclines
C. Cephalosporins
D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin carry a
Black Box Warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture. This risk is higher in elderly
patients, those taking corticosteroids, and organ transplant recipients. Patients
should be advised to stop the medication and contact their provider if they
experience sudden pain or swelling in a joint.
5. A patient with a history of heart failure is being started on a Beta-Blocker. Which
side effect should the provider warn the patient about initially?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Fatigue and exercise intolerance
, C. Tachycardia
D. Persistent dry cough
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Beta-blockers can cause fatigue, lethargy, and exercise
intolerance when therapy is first initiated due to the reduction in cardiac output.
These symptoms often improve over several weeks as the body adjusts to the
medication. It is important for the provider to titrate the dose slowly to minimize
these adverse effects.
6. When starting a patient on Levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, what is the typical
timeframe for rechecking the TSH level to adjust the dose?
A. 1 to 2 weeks
B. 6 to 8 weeks
C. 3 to 4 months
D. Immediately if symptoms do not resolve in 48 hours
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine has a long half-life of approximately 7 days,
meaning it takes several weeks to reach a steady-state concentration in the blood.
of the Family Wk 5 Final Exam v3 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in
treating hypertension?
A. Increasing the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
B. Directly blocking the binding of Angiotensin II to AT1 receptors
C. Blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
D. Inhibiting the release of renin from the kidneys
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting
enzyme, which prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. This leads
to decreased vasoconstriction and reduced aldosterone secretion, which lowers
blood pressure. Because Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, inhibiting its
production is highly effective for managing hypertension and heart failure.
2. A patient is prescribed Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes. What is the most important
laboratory value to monitor before and during therapy to ensure safety?
A. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
,B. Serum amylase
C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
D. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Metformin is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys, so
assessing renal function is critical to avoid lactic acidosis. The eGFR must be
checked prior to initiation and at least annually thereafter. If the eGFR falls below 30
mL/min/1.73m2, the medication should be discontinued immediately to prevent
toxicity.
3. When prescribing a SABA (Short-Acting Beta Agonist) like Albuterol for asthma, the
provider should educate the patient that:
A. It should be used on a fixed schedule every morning.
B. It is used for quick relief of acute bronchospasm.
C. It is used for the long-term maintenance of airway inflammation.
D. It can cause significant weight gain and fluid retention.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Albuterol is a bronchodilator intended for rescue use during
acute asthma exacerbations or prior to exercise. It works by stimulating beta-2
,receptors in the lungs to relax smooth muscle quickly. Using it more than twice
weekly for symptoms usually indicates that the patient’s underlying asthma is not
well-controlled.
4. Which antibiotic class is most frequently associated with the risk of tendon rupture,
particularly in the Achilles tendon?
A. Macrolides
B. Tetracyclines
C. Cephalosporins
D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin carry a
Black Box Warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture. This risk is higher in elderly
patients, those taking corticosteroids, and organ transplant recipients. Patients
should be advised to stop the medication and contact their provider if they
experience sudden pain or swelling in a joint.
5. A patient with a history of heart failure is being started on a Beta-Blocker. Which
side effect should the provider warn the patient about initially?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Fatigue and exercise intolerance
, C. Tachycardia
D. Persistent dry cough
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Beta-blockers can cause fatigue, lethargy, and exercise
intolerance when therapy is first initiated due to the reduction in cardiac output.
These symptoms often improve over several weeks as the body adjusts to the
medication. It is important for the provider to titrate the dose slowly to minimize
these adverse effects.
6. When starting a patient on Levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, what is the typical
timeframe for rechecking the TSH level to adjust the dose?
A. 1 to 2 weeks
B. 6 to 8 weeks
C. 3 to 4 months
D. Immediately if symptoms do not resolve in 48 hours
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine has a long half-life of approximately 7 days,
meaning it takes several weeks to reach a steady-state concentration in the blood.
