NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the
Family Wk 4 Final Exam v2 Questions with Correct
Answers and Expert Explanation for Each Question
1. A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed lisinopril. Which electrolyte
imbalance should the nurse practitioner monitor most closely?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can lead to the retention of
potassium by the kidneys. This happens because ACE inhibitors decrease
aldosterone secretion, which normally promotes potassium excretion. Monitoring
serum potassium levels is essential to prevent cardiac arrhythmias associated with
hyperkalemia.
2. What is the first-line treatment for a patient newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus and an A1C of 7.5%?
A. Insulin glargine
B. Glipizide
,C. Pioglitazone
D. Metformin
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Metformin is considered the first-line pharmacological
therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus due to its efficacy and safety profile. It works
primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin
sensitivity. Unless there are specific contraindications like severe renal impairment,
it is the preferred starting medication.
3. A patient is being treated for a deep vein thrombosis with warfarin. What is the
target International Normalized Ratio (INR) for this patient?
A. 1.0 to 2.0
B. 3.5 to 4.5
C. 2.0 to 3.0
D. 0.5 to 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: For most patients requiring anticoagulation for DVT or atrial
fibrillation, the target INR range is 2.0 to 3.0. Maintaining this range ensures that the
blood is sufficiently thinned to prevent clots without excessive risk of bleeding.
,Regular monitoring is required to adjust the warfarin dosage based on the INR
results.
4. Which of the following medications is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA) used in
the management of asthma?
A. Albuterol
B. Salmeterol
C. Ipratropium
D. Fluticasone
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Salmeterol is a LABA that provides prolonged bronchodilation
for approximately 12 hours. In asthma management, LABAs should never be used as
monotherapy and must always be combined with an inhaled corticosteroid.
Albuterol, by contrast, is a short-acting agent used for quick relief of symptoms.
5. A 65-year-old patient with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (Stage 3)
requires a new antihypertensive. Which class is preferred for renal protection?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Loop Diuretics
C. Calcium Channel Blockers
, D. Beta Blockers
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril, are preferred for patients
with chronic kidney disease because they provide renoprotective effects. They
reduce intraglomerular pressure by dilating the efferent arteriole, which helps slow
the progression of kidney damage. However, clinicians must monitor for potential
increases in serum creatinine and potassium levels.
6. Which antibiotic is the first-line choice for treating uncomplicated community-
acquired pneumonia in a healthy adult with no recent antibiotic use?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Vancomycin
D. Gentamicin
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: According to current guidelines, high-dose amoxicillin is a
first-line option for healthy adults with community-acquired pneumonia.
Doxycycline or a macrolide can also be considered depending on local resistance
patterns. Ciprofloxacin is generally not used as first-line for pneumonia because it
has poor activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Family Wk 4 Final Exam v2 Questions with Correct
Answers and Expert Explanation for Each Question
1. A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed lisinopril. Which electrolyte
imbalance should the nurse practitioner monitor most closely?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can lead to the retention of
potassium by the kidneys. This happens because ACE inhibitors decrease
aldosterone secretion, which normally promotes potassium excretion. Monitoring
serum potassium levels is essential to prevent cardiac arrhythmias associated with
hyperkalemia.
2. What is the first-line treatment for a patient newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus and an A1C of 7.5%?
A. Insulin glargine
B. Glipizide
,C. Pioglitazone
D. Metformin
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Metformin is considered the first-line pharmacological
therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus due to its efficacy and safety profile. It works
primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin
sensitivity. Unless there are specific contraindications like severe renal impairment,
it is the preferred starting medication.
3. A patient is being treated for a deep vein thrombosis with warfarin. What is the
target International Normalized Ratio (INR) for this patient?
A. 1.0 to 2.0
B. 3.5 to 4.5
C. 2.0 to 3.0
D. 0.5 to 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: For most patients requiring anticoagulation for DVT or atrial
fibrillation, the target INR range is 2.0 to 3.0. Maintaining this range ensures that the
blood is sufficiently thinned to prevent clots without excessive risk of bleeding.
,Regular monitoring is required to adjust the warfarin dosage based on the INR
results.
4. Which of the following medications is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA) used in
the management of asthma?
A. Albuterol
B. Salmeterol
C. Ipratropium
D. Fluticasone
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Salmeterol is a LABA that provides prolonged bronchodilation
for approximately 12 hours. In asthma management, LABAs should never be used as
monotherapy and must always be combined with an inhaled corticosteroid.
Albuterol, by contrast, is a short-acting agent used for quick relief of symptoms.
5. A 65-year-old patient with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (Stage 3)
requires a new antihypertensive. Which class is preferred for renal protection?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Loop Diuretics
C. Calcium Channel Blockers
, D. Beta Blockers
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril, are preferred for patients
with chronic kidney disease because they provide renoprotective effects. They
reduce intraglomerular pressure by dilating the efferent arteriole, which helps slow
the progression of kidney damage. However, clinicians must monitor for potential
increases in serum creatinine and potassium levels.
6. Which antibiotic is the first-line choice for treating uncomplicated community-
acquired pneumonia in a healthy adult with no recent antibiotic use?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Vancomycin
D. Gentamicin
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: According to current guidelines, high-dose amoxicillin is a
first-line option for healthy adults with community-acquired pneumonia.
Doxycycline or a macrolide can also be considered depending on local resistance
patterns. Ciprofloxacin is generally not used as first-line for pneumonia because it
has poor activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
