NR566 | NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care
of the Family Wk 8 Final Exam v3 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. Which of the following classes of medications is associated with a risk of tendon
rupture, particularly in the Achilles tendon?
A. Macrolides
B. Cephalosporins
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Tetracyclines
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin,
carry a black box warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture. This risk is
significantly increased in patients over the age of 60, those taking corticosteroid
drugs, and patients with organ transplants. Patients should be instructed to stop the
medication and contact their provider immediately if they experience tendon pain
or inflammation.
2. A patient is prescribed Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes. Which of the following is a
primary contraindication for this medication?
A. History of hypertension
,B. Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30
C. Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min)
D. Age over 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin is primarily excreted by the kidneys and can
accumulate in patients with renal dysfunction. Excessive accumulation of metformin
increases the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a rare but life-threatening complication.
Current guidelines state that metformin is contraindicated in patients with an
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73m².
3. When prescribing ACE inhibitors such as Lisinopril, which electrolyte abnormality
must the provider monitor for?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I to
Angiotensin II, which in turn leads to a decrease in aldosterone secretion. Reduced
,aldosterone levels result in the retention of potassium by the kidneys. Therefore,
providers must monitor serum potassium levels periodically to prevent potentially
dangerous hyperkalemia.
4. What is the mechanism of action for Sulfonylureas in the treatment of Type 2
Diabetes?
A. Increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
B. Slowing the absorption of carbohydrates in the gut
C. Inhibiting hepatic glucose production
D. Stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Sulfonylureas work by binding to specific receptors on the
pancreatic beta cells to stimulate the release of endogenous insulin. Because they
increase insulin levels regardless of blood glucose concentration, they carry a
significant risk of hypoglycemia. This mechanism requires functioning beta cells,
making them ineffective for patients with Type 1 Diabetes.
5. Which of the following medications is considered first-line therapy for a patient
with newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism?
A. Methimazole
B. Liothyronine
, C. Propylthiouracil
D. Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine is the preferred treatment for hypothyroidism
because it is a synthetic form of T4 that is converted to T3 in the body. It has a long
half-life, which allows for once-daily dosing and stable blood levels. Patients should
be taught to take this medication on an empty stomach at least 30 to 60 minutes
before breakfast to ensure optimal absorption.
6. A patient taking Warfarin (Coumadin) should be advised to maintain a consistent
intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of Vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors. Sudden increases in Vitamin K intake from foods like
leafy greens can antagonize the effects of Warfarin and lower the INR. Patients do
of the Family Wk 8 Final Exam v3 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. Which of the following classes of medications is associated with a risk of tendon
rupture, particularly in the Achilles tendon?
A. Macrolides
B. Cephalosporins
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Tetracyclines
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin,
carry a black box warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture. This risk is
significantly increased in patients over the age of 60, those taking corticosteroid
drugs, and patients with organ transplants. Patients should be instructed to stop the
medication and contact their provider immediately if they experience tendon pain
or inflammation.
2. A patient is prescribed Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes. Which of the following is a
primary contraindication for this medication?
A. History of hypertension
,B. Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30
C. Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min)
D. Age over 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin is primarily excreted by the kidneys and can
accumulate in patients with renal dysfunction. Excessive accumulation of metformin
increases the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a rare but life-threatening complication.
Current guidelines state that metformin is contraindicated in patients with an
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73m².
3. When prescribing ACE inhibitors such as Lisinopril, which electrolyte abnormality
must the provider monitor for?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I to
Angiotensin II, which in turn leads to a decrease in aldosterone secretion. Reduced
,aldosterone levels result in the retention of potassium by the kidneys. Therefore,
providers must monitor serum potassium levels periodically to prevent potentially
dangerous hyperkalemia.
4. What is the mechanism of action for Sulfonylureas in the treatment of Type 2
Diabetes?
A. Increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
B. Slowing the absorption of carbohydrates in the gut
C. Inhibiting hepatic glucose production
D. Stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Sulfonylureas work by binding to specific receptors on the
pancreatic beta cells to stimulate the release of endogenous insulin. Because they
increase insulin levels regardless of blood glucose concentration, they carry a
significant risk of hypoglycemia. This mechanism requires functioning beta cells,
making them ineffective for patients with Type 1 Diabetes.
5. Which of the following medications is considered first-line therapy for a patient
with newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism?
A. Methimazole
B. Liothyronine
, C. Propylthiouracil
D. Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Levothyroxine is the preferred treatment for hypothyroidism
because it is a synthetic form of T4 that is converted to T3 in the body. It has a long
half-life, which allows for once-daily dosing and stable blood levels. Patients should
be taught to take this medication on an empty stomach at least 30 to 60 minutes
before breakfast to ensure optimal absorption.
6. A patient taking Warfarin (Coumadin) should be advised to maintain a consistent
intake of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of Vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors. Sudden increases in Vitamin K intake from foods like
leafy greens can antagonize the effects of Warfarin and lower the INR. Patients do
