NR566 | NR566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care
of the Family Wk 8 Midterm v1 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. A 45-year-old male with a history of hypertension is prescribed Lisinopril. Which
electrolyte abnormality should the nurse practitioner monitor most closely?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril can cause potassium retention
by inhibiting the effects of aldosterone in the distal tubule. Patients should be
monitored for hyperkalemia, especially if they are also taking potassium
supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics. This risk is increased in patients with
underlying renal impairment or diabetes mellitus.
2. Which of the following medications is considered first-line therapy for a patient
newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, assuming no contraindications?
A. Glyburide
,B. Pioglitazone
C. Metformin
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes according to current guidelines. It works by decreasing
hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It
is favored due to its efficacy, low cost, and weight-neutral or weight-loss profile.
3. A patient is prescribed Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following
vitamins should the patient maintain a consistent intake of to avoid fluctuations in
their INR?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors in the liver. Sudden increases or decreases in dietary
,vitamin K intake can significantly alter the anticoagulant effect and the International
Normalized Ratio (INR). Consistency in the intake of green leafy vegetables is
critical for maintaining a stable therapeutic level.
4. Which antibiotic class is most strongly associated with the risk of tendon rupture,
particularly the Achilles tendon?
A. Macrolides
B. Fluoroquinolones
C. Tetracyclines
D. Cephalosporins
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a Black Box Warning for increased
risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages. This risk is further increased in
patients over 60 years of age, those taking corticosteroid drugs, and those with
organ transplants. Patients should be advised to discontinue the medication and
contact their provider if they experience tendon pain or inflammation.
5. A patient with asthma is being stepped up in therapy. What is the preferred long-
term control medication for persistent asthma?
A. Albuterol
B. Inhaled Corticosteroids
, C. Oral Prednisone
D. Theophylline
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most effective long-term
medications for the control of persistent asthma symptoms. They work by reducing
airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to various triggers. Regular use of
ICS has been shown to improve lung function and reduce the frequency of
exacerbations.
6. A patient taking Atorvastatin reports new-onset muscle pain and weakness. Which
lab test is most appropriate to order initially?
A. Serum Creatinine
B. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
D. Creatine Kinase (CK)
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) range from mild
myalgia to life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. Measuring the Creatine Kinase (CK)
level helps determine the severity of muscle injury and guides whether to continue
of the Family Wk 8 Midterm v1 | Questions with
Correct Answers and Expert Explanation for Each
Question | Chamberlain
1. A 45-year-old male with a history of hypertension is prescribed Lisinopril. Which
electrolyte abnormality should the nurse practitioner monitor most closely?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril can cause potassium retention
by inhibiting the effects of aldosterone in the distal tubule. Patients should be
monitored for hyperkalemia, especially if they are also taking potassium
supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics. This risk is increased in patients with
underlying renal impairment or diabetes mellitus.
2. Which of the following medications is considered first-line therapy for a patient
newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, assuming no contraindications?
A. Glyburide
,B. Pioglitazone
C. Metformin
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes according to current guidelines. It works by decreasing
hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It
is favored due to its efficacy, low cost, and weight-neutral or weight-loss profile.
3. A patient is prescribed Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following
vitamins should the patient maintain a consistent intake of to avoid fluctuations in
their INR?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors in the liver. Sudden increases or decreases in dietary
,vitamin K intake can significantly alter the anticoagulant effect and the International
Normalized Ratio (INR). Consistency in the intake of green leafy vegetables is
critical for maintaining a stable therapeutic level.
4. Which antibiotic class is most strongly associated with the risk of tendon rupture,
particularly the Achilles tendon?
A. Macrolides
B. Fluoroquinolones
C. Tetracyclines
D. Cephalosporins
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Fluoroquinolones carry a Black Box Warning for increased
risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages. This risk is further increased in
patients over 60 years of age, those taking corticosteroid drugs, and those with
organ transplants. Patients should be advised to discontinue the medication and
contact their provider if they experience tendon pain or inflammation.
5. A patient with asthma is being stepped up in therapy. What is the preferred long-
term control medication for persistent asthma?
A. Albuterol
B. Inhaled Corticosteroids
, C. Oral Prednisone
D. Theophylline
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most effective long-term
medications for the control of persistent asthma symptoms. They work by reducing
airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to various triggers. Regular use of
ICS has been shown to improve lung function and reduce the frequency of
exacerbations.
6. A patient taking Atorvastatin reports new-onset muscle pain and weakness. Which
lab test is most appropriate to order initially?
A. Serum Creatinine
B. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
D. Creatine Kinase (CK)
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) range from mild
myalgia to life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. Measuring the Creatine Kinase (CK)
level helps determine the severity of muscle injury and guides whether to continue
